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Romanesque Art 1050-1200

Romanesque Art 1050-1200.

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Romanesque Art 1050-1200

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  1. Romanesque Art 1050-1200 “A little after the year One Thousand, basilicas began to be built throughout the known land, and especially in Italy and the Gaul territories. And because the majority of them were still in good conditions and were not lacking in anything, a great spirit of emulation overtook all Christian populations: each wishing to surpass the next in magnificence. It was as if the world wanted to shake off the old, and cover itself with a great white cloak of churches". Raul Glaber

  2. Reasons for Revival of Large-Scale Architecture & Sculpture: • relief over millennium • replace destruction of 9th & 10th centuries invasions • rise of towns • new function of churches – not just for clergy but for laity • beautify house of God • PILGRIMAGES • Architectural Goals: • height (towards heaven) • light (metaphor for God) • stone vaulting (1. fireproof 2. accoutstics 3. looks cool)

  3. Medieval PilgrimageRoutes RelicReliquary

  4. Ultimate destination was to Santiago de Compostela in Western Spain. Legendary burial place of St. James; many miracles attributed

  5. Plan for the Monastery at St. Gall, Switzerland, c. 819

  6. St. Just CarolingianBasilica St. SerninPilgrimage Church

  7. Sta. Sabina c. 425 St. Michael, Hildesheimc. 1000 St. Sernin c. 1100

  8. E Radiating Chapels(Absidioles) W Apse Choir Transept Crossing Square Ambulatory Bay Nave St. Sernin, Toulouse, 1080-1120

  9. St. Sernin, Toulouse, 1080-1120 tribune gallery transverse arch nave arcade compound pier

  10. Groin Vaulted Side Aisles Barrel Vaulted Nave

  11. Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Germany, begun 1030; nave vaults, ca. 1082–1106 1. Groin Vaulted Nave alternate support system

  12. La Madeleine, Vezelay, France, c. 1100-1120

  13. St. Etienne, Caen, France, c. 1068-1120 vaulted c. 1115–1120 2. RibbedVaults sexpartite vault

  14. St. Etienne, Caen, France, c. 1068-1120 vaulted c. 1115–1120 3 Story Elevation: ClerestoryGalleryNave Arcade

  15. Durham Cathedral, England, begun c. 1093 Gothic Alert !! 3. Pointed Arches

  16. Lateral section of Durham Cathedral Notre Dame, Paris, 1180-12004. Flying Buttress Quadrant Arch

  17. Amiens Cathedral, c.1220-1270 Gothic Pointed Arch

  18. lancet &ocular windows clerestory triforium nave arcade 144' 80' 107' 118' Nave elevations of four French Gothic cathedrals at the same scale(a) Laon, (b) Paris, (c) Chartres, (d) Amiens.

  19. Gothic Architecture – 13 th Century“The Gothic Solution” • Groin vaulted nave • Ribbed vaults • Pointed arches • Flying Buttresses (only feature not used in Romanesque) • 3 Story Elevation: nave arcade, triforium, clerestory Skeletal framework and dissolution of walls

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