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Migration Policy in Latino Communities: Challenges and Opportunities

Explore the impact of drug trafficking, migration, and public policy on Latino communities, examining the emotional issues and numeric dimensions. Delve into the effects of border enforcement, public perceptions, and the global economic crisis, and analyze various policy choices. Discover the historical context, current challenges, and potential strategies for addressing illegal migration.

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Migration Policy in Latino Communities: Challenges and Opportunities

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  1. MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, andLATINO COMMUNITIES

  2. REVISED SCHEDULE • February 2: Drug Trafficking • Talons, ch. 8 • DFC, chs. 2 and 9 (Mexico and Colombia) • February 9: Migration • Talons, ch. 8 [again] • DFC, chs. 4-5 (Central America + Caribbean) • CR #6 (ExMex) • February 16: Mexico’s War on Drugs • CR # 5 (DTOs in Mexico) • February 23: War on Terror • Talons, ch.10 • DFC, chs. 1, 3 • March 02: Opportunity for Latin America • Talons, ch. 10-11 • DFC, chs. 6-8, 11 • March 09: Obama and Latin America • Talons, chs. 11-12 + Conclusion • CR #7 (Obama and the Americas)

  3. I. PATTERNS OF MIGRATION INTRODUCTION THE NUMBERS GAME(S) • Flows • Stocks • Proportions • Costs and benefits • Rates of assimilation

  4. READING • Smith, Talons, ch. 8 [again] • Dominguez and Fernandez de Castro, chapters 2, 4, 5 (Mexico, Central America, Caribbean) • Jorge Castañeda, ExMex: From Migrants to Immigrants, ch. 8 (Course Reader # 6)

  5. EMOTIONAL ISSUES AND POLITICAL DEBATES • Ethnicity vs. melting pots • Diversity vs. tradition • Fairness vs. efficiency • NAFTA AND MEXICAN MIGRATION • Claims and expectations • Preliminary realities • Hypotheses and prognostications

  6. NUMERICAL DIMENSIONS • ~12 million illegal immigrants in U.S. • 55-60% from Mexico • 25% of Mexico’s able-bodied male workforce now in U.S. • U.S.-Mexican wage ratio~ 8:1 or 10:1

  7. Mexican-Origin Population in United States, 1900-2003 Mx-born (9.9)

  8. Regional Origin of Mexican Migrants

  9. Geographical Concentration of Mexican Migrants

  10. Remittances to Mexico, 1990-2003

  11. BORDER PATROL AGENTS

  12. EFFECTS 0F BORDER ENFORCEMENT • 1. Shifting routes (toward Arizona) • 2. Increased use of polleros (smugglers) • 3. Reduced “circularity” (more permanent stays) • 4. More women and families • 5. Increased loss of life

  13. Deaths at the Border • 2001 = 528 • 2002 = 470 • 2003 = 478 • 2004 = 460 • 2005 > 500

  14. PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS • Economic threat? • September 2000 = 38% agreed • March 2006 = 52% • Cultural threat? • Societal threat?

  15. MIGRATION AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS • Context: joblessness everywhere • New entries down (not due to border enforcement, since 95% of migrants without papers get through) • Return migration stable (despite concern in Mexico about major increase) • Within USA, unemployment among Latino men > Anglo men

  16. THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: • LEGAL MIGRATION • Revise legal quotas • Revise criteria for entry • THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: • ILLEGAL MIGRATION • Strategies for restriction: • Building fences • Blocking corridors (e.g., Operation Gatekeeper) • Withdrawing incentives and benefits (e.g., Prop 187) • Punishing employers

  17. Strategies for opening: • Augmenting quotas • Guest-worker programs • Eliminating barriers • Strategies for reduction: • Targeting economic development • Circulating information • Additional steps?

  18. Initiatives on Migration: • Phase 1: The Whole Enchilada (January-September 11, 2001) • Phase 2: Focus on Security • Phase 3: The Second Term • Temporary amnesty for those here and employed • Guest-worker program • Eventual path to citizenship • Phase 4: Barack Obama?

  19. What Would You Do?

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