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MODULE 4

MODULE 4. Emergency Response. Module 4 – Emergency Response Introduction.

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MODULE 4

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  1. MODULE 4 Emergency Response

  2. Module 4 – Emergency Response Introduction Emergency situations are particularly dangerous when hazardous materials are involved. For your safety and the safety of others, OSHA and DOT have developed emergency response regulations and guidelines for complying with them. Your company will train you on your role, how to respond, and how to evacuate during an emergency. This module discusses two types of emergency plans: Emergency Action Plans (EAP) and Emergency Response Plans (ERP). In addition to these plans, you must have the required emergency response information discussed in Module 2. This must be in a location easily accessible to any emergency responder. After completing this module, you will be able to: • Define emergency response. • Identify the requirements for EAP and ERP. • Discuss which actions to take during a hazardous materials incident. • Discuss which actions to take during a motor vehicle accident.

  3. LESSON 1 Emergency Action Plan

  4. Emergency Action Plan Introduction OSHA requires you to be trained on how to respond during an emergency. This may include how to report an emergency, how to handle safety and first aid, and how to evacuate safely. This training is based on the EAP required of every company. Companies with more than 10 employees must have a written EAP. Companies with 10 or fewer employees have the option of communicating their EAP verbally. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Identify OSHA’s requirements for an EAP. • Recognize important elements of an evacuation procedure.

  5. Emergency Action Plan (EAP) All EAPs must tell you how to do the following: • Protect yourself in an emergency. • Identify your responsibilities. • Report fires and other emergencies. • Use floor plans and workplace maps that clearly show the emergency escape routes. • Evacuate safely. • Know which workers may, if safe to do so, shut down critical facility systems before evacuating. • Identify who is responsible for performing any rescue or medical duties. • Gather at the designated employee “safe place” so all employees may be counted. • Know when it is safe to re-enter the building.

  6. Emergency Action Plan, cont. Typically, the EAP is explained on the first day of employment. Refresher training is provided whenever the plan changes. If you find that improvements can be made to the EAP, always discuss them with your employer. It is critical in an emergency to know when and how to act. If your location has an alarm system, you should be familiar with the different sounds it makes and what they mean. For example, one signal may indicate a fire, and another a tornado. Make sure you are familiar with the audio alarm system your company uses and are able to hear it over the noise level typically found in your work area.

  7. Emergency Training Your company’s EAP should explain in detail what actions are to be performed and by whom in the event of an emergency. Your company should conduct regular emergency drills so that every employee knows what to do. You should also be taught: • How to report fires, uncontrolled leaks, and other emergencies. • The evacuation routes for different areas of the workplace. • Who to ask for more information.

  8. Evacuation Procedures Your company is required to develop emergency escape routes for your facility. Floor plans or work-area maps must clearly define these routes and should be posted in every area of the facility. Evacuation procedures may also provide the best route to safeareas within the facility, such as interior rooms that are structurally sound. Employees may need to take shelter in these areas during severe weather conditions, such as a tornado or thunderstorm. Before evacuating, turn off any critical equipment if you can do so without placing yourself in danger. Certain employees may be designated to shut down critical facility systems, such as tank internal valves and power sources, before evacuating the work area. These employees will be trained in their tasks and designated in the EAP. It is important to ensure that everyone has been safely evacuated. Your company is required to designate an “assembly point” where all evacuated employees should gather so an official employee count can be taken.

  9. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

  10. LESSON 2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

  11. Emergency Response Plan Introduction Your company may choose to have emergency response procedures beyond what is required by the EAP. If so, OSHArequires designated employees be trained as emergency personnel to carry out additional duties of your ERP. Generally, propane retailers do not have an ERP. They typically rely on trained emergency responders such as hazmat teams, fire fighters, and similar professionals to handle emergency situations. It is still helpful to know the fivelevels of hazmat responders and their roles. At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: • Identify the five levels of responders and the training they must undergo. • Identify the responsibilities of an awareness-level responder. • Explain basic guidelines for inspecting portable fire extinguishers. • Discuss the importance of emergency response information.

  12. Hazardous Waste Operations and EmergencyResponse Teams If a company chooses to have its own ERP, it must form and train its own emergency response team. This team is called a Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) team. The following provides more information about roles and training levels for a HAZWOPER team: • First Responder Awareness Level: Individualswho are likely to witness or discover a hazardous material release, and have been trained to notify the proper authorities. Receives initial and follow-up training. • First Responder Operations Level: Individuals who respond initially to releases, or potential releases, to protect nearby people, property, and the environment. Receives at least eight hours of initial and follow-up training. • Hazardous Materials Technician: Someone who responds to stop the release. Receives at least 24 to 40 hours of initial and follow-up training.

  13. Hazardous Waste Operations and EmergencyResponse Teams, cont. • Hazardous Materials Specialist:Someone who responds with and provides support to hazardous materials technicians. Receives at least 24 hours of training equal to the technician level with additional competencies and follow-up training. • On-Scene Incident Commander: The individual who assumes control of the incident. A commander receives at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder level with additional competencies and follow-up training.

  14. Awareness-level Training Even if your company does not have its own HAZWOPER team, some employees may receive awareness-level responder training, which is the first level of emergency response. Awareness-level responders are responsible for spotting a release or spill of a hazardous material. After identifying the situation, they must communicate and report the emergency immediately. However, they are not involved in stopping or cleaning up the leak or spill. Awareness-level responders can include drivers, office personnel, managers, and anyone who works in an area where hazardous materials are present.

  15. Awareness Level Training, cont. Awareness-level responders should be prepared to: • Secure the incident site and prevent anyone from entering the area. • Recognize and identify the materials involved. • Notify appropriate authorities. • Take no further action to control or reduce the release. Remember, knowing how to respond to an emergency is not the same as being trained or qualified to stop or clean up a hazardous materials release. Even employees with awareness-level training must evacuate the area in an emergency.

  16. Portable Fire Extinguisher Training OSHA requires employers to train designated employees when and how touse portable fire extinguishers. Only these trained employees are authorizedto use the portable fire extinguishers in an emergency. Follow these tips to ensure your fire extinguisher works properlyin an emergency: • Tip your extinguisher upside down monthly to prevent the powder from caking. • Store your extinguisher in a place where you can reach it quickly and easily. • Immediately recharge or replace extinguishers that have been used, even if only a small amount was discharged. • Make sure all fire extinguishers are inspected annually by anauthorized fire extinguisher service company. • Visually inspect all fire extinguishers at least monthly to ensure the extinguisher is fully charged and is not due for an annual inspection. All other employees must immediately evacuate the affected work area during a fire emergency.

  17. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

  18. LESSON 3 Hazmat Incidents During Transport

  19. Hazmat Incidents During Transport Introduction According to DOT, an incident is any unintentional release of a hazardous material that occurs during transportation. An incident may or may not have been the result of an accident, but the terms are often used interchangeably. For example, cylinder or tank leaks are considered unintentional releases of a hazardous material. It would be considered an accident if you dropped a cylinder and the valve broke off, or if you were involved in a collision with another vehicle. These situations could result in the release of a hazardous material.

  20. Hazmat Incidents During Transport Introduction DOT regulates reporting incidents that occur during transport, delivery, loading, unloading, and temporary storage. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Explain the requirements for an emergency response telephone number. • Identify information needed for phoning in an incident. • Identify the reasons for reporting hazmat incidents. • Explain bobtail emergency shutoff requirements.

  21. Emergency Response Telephone Number Companies offering hazardous materials for transport must provide an emergency response telephone number to assist drivers or anyone who may need to report a HazMat incident in progress. This number must reach either the shipper or an organization that is capable of and accepts responsibility for providing detailed information on the hazardous materials being transported. This coverage must continue while the material is in storage. This number must be monitored at all times by someone knowledgeable about the hazards and characteristics of the material being transported. He or she must have emergency response and incident mitigation information, or immediate access to a person who does. Answering machines and voice mail are not acceptable.

  22. Emergency Response Telephone Number, cont. While some companies maintain their own emergency response telephone number, most propane companies pay agencies such as Chemtrec, Infotrac, and PERS for these monitoring services. The emergency response telephone number must be displayed clearly in an easily identifiable location on the shipping paper.

  23. Reporting an Incident to Your Company You must notify your company of an incident assoon as possible. Be prepared to provide the following information: • Telephone number where you can be reached. • Date, time, and location of the incident. • Any injuries and their extent. • Classification, proper shipping name, and quantity of hazardous materials involved. • Type of incident and nature of hazardous materials involved. • Whether there is a continuing danger to life at the scene. Your company will then use this information to determine what agency notifications need to be made.

  24. Incidents Requiring Immediate DOT Notification Certain hazardous materials Incidents must be reported to the National Response Center immediately by telephone and then followed up with a written report within 30 days. Immediate notification is required when, as a direct result of the hazardous material: • A person is killed. • A person receives injuries requiring admittance to a hospital. • The general public is evacuated for one or more hours. • A major transportation artery or facility is closed or shut down for one or more hours. • The operational flight pattern or routine of an aircraft is altered.

  25. Incidents Requiring Immediate DOT Notification, cont. Though unlikely in the propane industry, these are other examples of when immediate notification is required: • Fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected radioactive contamination occurs involving a radioactive material. • Fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination occurs involving an infectious substance other than a regulated medical waste. • A release of a marine pollutant occurs in a quantity exceeding 450 L (119 gallons) for a liquid or 400 kg (882 lb) for a solid. If the situation does not meet the above criteria exactly, but you think it should be reported, have your company notify DOT. An example would be if there is a continuing danger to life at the scene of the incident.

  26. Additional DOT Reporting Requirements If the incident is less serious and does not otherwise meet the immediate notification requirements, the hazmat company needs only to complete and submit an HMIR to DOT. This report must be made within 30 days of the discovery of an incident. The following lists circumstances that also require an HMIR: • There is an unintentional release of a hazardous material or hazardous waste. • A cargo tank of 1,000 gallons or greater suffers structural damage, requiring repair to the lading retention system or its components. • An undeclared hazardous material is found.

  27. Additional DOT Reporting Requirements, cont. Companies should maintain copies of these reports for a minimum of 2 years. These reports should be updated if: • A death occurs as a result of a previously reported injury. • There was a misidentification of hazardous material or package information. • Damage or loss was not known when the initial report was completed. • Damage or loss costs change by $25,000 or more, or 10% of the prior total estimate.

  28. Cargo Tank Incident Prevention Cargo tank motor vehicles that deliver propane must be equipped with emergency discharge control equipment to help prevent the unintended release of propane during loading and unloading operations. The following are types of emergency discharge control systems used on cargo tank vehicles: Manually Activated Systems—Operated by the driver at a remote shutdown station usually located at the front of the cargo tank on the driver’s side or at the rear deck of the vehicle. These systems are required on all cargo tank vehicles. Passive Shutdown Capability—A means to automatically shut off the flow of product without the need for human intervention. This capability must occur within 20 seconds of an unintentional release that is caused by a complete separation of a liquid delivery hose. Typically, this shutdown capability is provided by a specially designed hose with automatic shutoff mechanisms on each end of the hose that actuate during a hose pullaway.

  29. Cargo Tank Incident Prevention, cont. Remote Shutdown Systems—A remote-control deviceoperated by radio frequency that gives truck operators the ability to close the tank’s internal self-closing stop valve and auxiliary power equipment at a minimum distance of 150 feet away from the truck. Query Systems—A transmitter/receiver system with a timing feature requiring the driver or operator to respond to a system query signal at least once every five minutes. If there is no response from the driver or operator, the system will automatically shut off all motive and auxiliary power equipment and end the transfer process.

  30. Emergency Discharge Control: Vehicle Requirements All cargo tank vehicles in propane delivery service are required to be equipped with a manually activated system for emergency shutdown. DOT determines the additional types of required emergency discharge control systems based on the method of delivery service and water capacity. Cargo Tanks in Metered Service: Required to be equipped with the remote shutdown system. For vehicles with water capacities greater than 3,500 gallons that perform DOT-permitted obstructed view deliveries, theymust also be equipped with either a passive shutdown capability, or the query system. Most commonly, the query system is used in these applications. Cargo Tanks in Nonmetered Service: Required to be equipped with a passive shutdown capability.

  31. Emergency Discharge Control Information If a vehicle is equipped with an emergency discharge control system, such as a remote or passive shutdown capability, drivers must carry a written set of instructions that detail: • The vehicle’s emergency discharge control features. • Passive shutdown features and the parameters within which they are designed to function. • Procedures to follow if a facility-provided hose is used for unloading the cargo tank. These instructions can be affixed to the cargo tank near where the driver enters the cab, or written on a separate sheet of paper and kept near the shipping papers. Drivers should ensure that these instructions are specific to their vehicle. Instructions that do not apply to the vehicle’s operating controls can detract from an appropriate emergency response.

  32. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

  33. LESSON 4 Motor Vehicle Accidents

  34. Motor Vehicle Accidents Introduction In Title 49 CFR, DOT defines an accident as: “An occurrence involving a Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) operating on a highway in interstate or intrastate commerce which results in a fatality, bodily injury to a person who, as a result of the injury, immediately receives medical treatment away from the scene of the accident, or one or more motor vehicles incurring disabling damage as a result of the accident,requiring the motor vehicle(s) to be transported away from the scene by a tow truck or other motor vehicle.” This definition does not include an accident that occurs only when boarding or exiting a stationary vehicle, or an accident involving only the loading or unloading of cargo. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Identify what to do when an accident occurs. • Explain the importance of reporting an accident. • Identify the information you need to report an accident. • Identify the requirements for post-accident alcohol and drug testing.

  35. When an Accident Occurs In an accident involving hazardous material, your safety and the safety of others in the area is of the utmost importance. You can take specific steps to help control the situation and prevent furtherdamage. First, determine whether there is a leak of propane or any hazardous materials. If no leak is obvious: • Move your vehicle off the road. • Set the parking brake, shut down the engine, and turn on theemergency flashers. • Exit the vehicle and chock the wheels. • Check the condition of the cargo tank or shipping container(s) and valves. • Identify and prevent potential ignition sources. • Set out warning devices.

  36. When an Accident Occurs, cont. If it is clear that there is no imminent danger or threat of ignition resulting from the accident, check for fuel spills or any release of hazardous materials on the scene. Examine the condition of your cargo, such as cylinders and their valves. Although you may be trained to identify a hazardous situation, you might not be qualified or equipped to resolve it safely. If there is any risk involved, evacuate the area immediately, then notify the appropriate emergency responders and wait for them to arrive. It is your responsibility to work with emergency responders and follow their instructions.

  37. LEARNING ACTIVITY What to Do When an Accident Occurs

  38. Reporting an Accident It is important to accurately record all the details of an accident. Companies must maintain an accident register that provides details on each accident or incident. This helps the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) or any other agency conduct an in-depth investigation. It also provides needed information to the company’s insurance provider. Record the details while they are fresh in your mind, preferably at the scene. Many insurance companies provide Accident Reporting Kits you can use. When an accident occurs, the following information must be included in your company's accident report: • Driver’s name, address, phone number. • Vehicle license plate number. • Date of accident.

  39. Reporting an Accident, cont. • City or town nearest to the accident. • State in which the accident occurred. • Condition of the vehicle(s) involved. • Extent of any injuries. • Number of fatalities, if any. • Classification, name, and quantity of hazardous materials involved. • Hazardous materials released, other than spillage from the fuel tanks. • Names and contact information of witnesses. Certain accident scenarios require a phone report to DOT immediately following the accident, as well as a written report within 30 days.

  40. Post-Accident Alcohol and Drug Testing DOT requires drivers to submit to an alcohol and drug test if they are involved in an accident resulting in a fatality. Testing is also mandatory when a driver is issued a citation after an accident results in an injury requiring treatment away from the scene, or if a vehicle has been disabled and requires towing. A driver who is subject to post-accident testing must remain available and fully cooperative. Otherwise, the employer may consider the driver to have refused testing. The driver must refrain from consuming alcohol until the test is completed or, at a minimum, for eight hours following the accident. An alcohol test must be administered within two hours of the accident. If the driver has not submitted to the test by then, the employer must prepare and maintain a record stating the reason why the test was not performed. If alcohol testing has not taken place within eight hours, the employer must stop trying to administer the test and amend the testing record.

  41. Post-Accident Alcohol and Drug Testing, cont. Drug testing must take place within 32 hours of the incident. If a driver has not submitted to a drug test within 32 hours, the employer shall stop trying to administer that test and prepare and keep a record stating the reasons why the test was not performed. Drivers should always inform their employer of all accident details and make themselves available for drug and alcohol testing. Drivers are ultimately responsible for submitting to these tests. Refusal to submit could disqualify you from driving a CMV.

  42. Alcohol and Drug Testing Off-Site Instead of administering a post-accident test at your workplace, you may be tested at the scene of the accident by police or public safety officials. Your company may also designate an off-site contractor, such as a specimen collection agency, to administer these tests. The employer must keep a copy of all drug and alcohol test results. Employers must provide information, procedures, and instructions to allow drivers to be tested after an accident. This is especially important when work operations take place at remote distances from your company’s location. Drivers must always follow these instructions and see that the tests are conducted within the required time allowed. You will learn more about drug and alcohol testing later in this course.

  43. MODULE 4 QUIZ

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