E-Government from the Public Administration and Policy Perspective

1. 1 E-Government from the Public Administration and Policy Perspective

2. 2 Outline Development of Information Technology in the 20th Century Data Management Information Management Knowledge Management

3. 3 Outline E-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective The public sector accounts for a large percent of the economy Government is the largest owner and processor of public data and information Access to global knowledge and international databases and the mobilization of local knowledge and information resources

4. 4 Outline E-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective Expanded Government Services Simplified procedures of dealing with Government Transparent and accountable Government Increased public participation in debates and decision-making processes Reduced Government costs Swift operational processes for both Business and Government

5. 5 Outline Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Political Conditions Organizational Conditions Cultural and Human Resources Conditions Financial Conditions Communication Environment Technical Infrastructure Data and Information Systems

6. 6 Development of Information Technology in the 20th Century Data Management Computing power largely concentrated in data processing such as census, payroll, etc. Information Management Focus of computer application was directed towards data and information Management as well as decision-making Knowledge Management The contents to be processed and managed shifted from data/information to knowledge Advent of age of information economy and knowledge economy

7. 7 e-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective The public sector accounts for a large percent of the economy. Government is the largest owner and processor of public data and information Access to global knowledge and international databases and the mobilization of local knowledge and information resources

8. 8 e-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective Expanded Government Services: Address the inequities of regional/rural areas in accessing government information Break down the barrier of distance or mobility Enhance traditional service channels and provide around the clock access to government

9. 9 e-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective Simplified procedures of dealing with Government Transparent and accountable Government Increased public participation in debates and decision-making processes Reduced Government costs Swift operational processes for both business and government

10. 10 Concluding Remark It can be said that governance and public administration cannot be productive, effective and efficient without the support of modern information technology. The use of information technology has been an absolute requirement for public administration and management development. There is no doubt that effective use of information technology can make governments work better while costing less.

11. 11 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Political Conditions Good governance, as a condition for sustainable development, requires genuine commitment from political leaders, the private sector and organizations of civil society. In the same way, the introduction of e-Government in society requires strong political will to see through the transformation process it implies to government both in its internal operations as well as with regards to its interaction with civil society. Key Factors/Issues Awareness of political value of e-Government Commitment to e-Government and good governance Leadership skills National identity and perception of government Legislative framework Citizens� participation in government�s affairs Good governance and rule of law

12. 12 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Organizational Conditions International experience shows that the introduction of e-Government calls for and causes profound and evolutionary change of the institutional arrangements. To guide this transformation process, appropriate management and coordination mechanisms are needed Key Factors/Issues Administrative structures and legacies Public administration reforms Civil service reform Central coordination and support unit Policy coordination Inter governmental relations

13. 13 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Cultural and Human Resources Conditions Positive attitudes, knowledge and skills need to be in place � especially within the public sector � to initiate, implement and sustain e-Government. Cultural aspects may cause general resistance to change and information-sharing. Inadequate human resource capacity may lead to lack of customer-orientation and overall commitment. Key Factors/Issues Culture, traditions and languages Gender inequality Educational levels IT literacy and number of on-line users IT educational facilities and programmes Culture of information and knowledge sharing Prevailing organizational culture Attitude and adaptability to change, especially in public administration Managerial skills in the public sector Service orientation of public administration towards citizens

14. 14 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Financial Conditions The initial costs related to implementing e-Government can be considerable and Governments may have limited capacity to bridge the period between initial investments and returns Proper resource planning and access to innovative financing mechanisms is critical for e-Government sustainability Key Factors/Issues Resource allocation process National income structure Access to alternative financing mechanisms Partnerships with private sector and other role players Access to capital markets Mechanisms for venture investment Available financial resources.

15. 15 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Communication Environment In today�s world, communicating with citizens is a duty and a necessity for governments e-Government needs to be accepted and understood by all stakeholders to ensure that its benefits flow to the society as a whole Key Factors/Issues Citizen�s awareness and understanding of ICT and e-Government Communication culture and channels Information and knowledge sharing

16. 16 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Technological Infrastructure Lack of technologies is a major bottleneck for countries aiming to implement and maintain e-Government. Legacy systems may also represent considerable obstacles to change. The demographic and geographic conditions of different areas, accompanied by the distribution of economic activities, may also represent a strong bias in the rollout of ICT infrastructure if left to the market alone Key Factors/Issues (Tele) communications infrastructure Penetration rates of telecommunications Urban versus rural: demographic/ geographic bias Software and hardware (legacy systems) IT standards

17. 17 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Data and Information Systems Management systems, records and work processes must be in place to provide the necessary data to support the move to e-Government Key Factors/Issues Legacy of data processing, management information and decision support systems Available and accessible data and information Data collection procedures and data and information standardization Data quality and data security Capacity to analyze data and utilize information Capacity to direct information flows into decision-making processes

18. 18 Thank you for your attention