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Fundamentals of Rain Water Harvesting

Fundamentals of Rain Water Harvesting. Vishal Bhanushali Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment May 06, 2009. Launched in 2000. Vision Living an unpolluted life is our children’s birthright. Air Pollution. Ground Water Pollution. What is the need for harvesting rain water ?.

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Fundamentals of Rain Water Harvesting

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  1. Fundamentals of Rain Water Harvesting Vishal Bhanushali Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment May 06, 2009

  2. Launched in 2000 • Vision • Living an unpolluted life • is our children’s birthright.

  3. Air Pollution

  4. Ground Water Pollution

  5. What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

  6. Water in Urban Space … Municipal water deficit City Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Chennai Banglore Hyderabad Need 4000 3830 2258 3000 840 956 Shortfall 1030 880 690 1050 135 186 Shortfall % 25 30 30 35 16 19

  7. Water in Urban Space … Municipal water deficit Shortfall 134 70 120 313 94.5 146 Shortfall % 42 21 21 89 40 48 Need 318 335 560 349 239 305 City Indore Bhopal Lucknow Jaipur Jabalpur Vaizag

  8. RURAL INDIA ISSCREAMINGFORWATER! ‘Water now precedes roti, kapda, aur makan’ • 2/3rds of the country has been declared drought prone • 90,000 villages declared ‘no source villages’- no source within 7 km radius • Rajendra Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh

  9. Can Bore Wells Help ? June 2004 – Musampally village Nalgonda District Andhra Pradesh Population 3000 Land 2000 acres Bore wells 6000 No typing mistake – There are 2 bore wells per person In this village. More than 85 % never struck water. Others dried up soon after drilling

  10. The Bore Wells and The Big Dams are the real culprits The Bore wells have worsened the matters Instead of reducing scarcity, they are increasing it. We have seen bore wells - 1500 ft deep and drying Big dams and diversion canals are making down stream older river courses dry

  11. Ural Sea in Russia Dried by Agriculture And Industry

  12. ?

  13. There is certainly need for doing everything possible for conserving water

  14. Where can we learn about water harvesting ?What are the basic rules?The Fundamentals ?

  15. Any Degrees, Diplomas ? Foreign Universities ?

  16. ?

  17. WaterLearning Points It is available every where In the most pure form It is free Yet There is scarcity There was no water supply department in India till the British Government made one … Till the British Government had to make one

  18. Wise Water Management of our ancestors Ancient India was Prosperous because of Ponds and Lakes Made and Managed by People Thus achieving water security, irrigation, flood control and food security

  19. Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002

  20. Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002

  21. Varuna Ganga Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002 Assi

  22. Source - Stephen Lemcke, e-mail: slemcke@sai.uni-heidelberg.de

  23. Water LearningPoints Marine forts have sweet water Corresponding mainland water is brackish

  24. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Lower lands may not have water

  25. Are these Miracles ? No ! There are rational explanations Which can be put to good use

  26. Water LearningPoints Marine forts have sweet water Fort walls, Temple and surroundings collect rain water that is stored in a huge pond. Through a well the harvested water is used

  27. Jalashayanam Vishnu Temple … Mahabalipuram

  28. Note the Rock paved surface And drain channels as well as The large rain water retaining Cistern probably used as rain gauge

  29. Rameshwaram Temple Note the gaps in Foundation and the Sweet water reflecting the shrine

  30. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Lower lands may not have water

  31. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Fortress walls help to hold micro-water table created by a pond Wells give the bounty in usable form

  32. Nature offers us our most important needs • free of charge Rain Water is one such thingIt is Water – in its purest form We only need to harvest it

  33. WHAT is Rainwater Harvesting? Activity of capturing the rain and storing it for direct use or recharging into the groundwater. Simply.. catching rain where it falls and using it.

  34. What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

  35. A natural resource presently wasted • Prevents ground water depletion • A good supplement to piped water • Positive cost benefit ratio • Relatively pollution free • Water conservation & self-dependence

  36. Who can harvest rooftop rainwater? • Any person planning to build a house • An independent plot owner. • Persons in apartments • Industries, Institutions and factories • People who are purchasing water for domestic use In short, everywhere ……the potential for rainwater harvesting is huge

  37. How Much One Can harvest Rainwater ? Vol RWH =A x R x C A=Area R= Rainfall in meters C=Runoff coefficient An example • A =100 m2 • R = 2000 millimeters • C = 0.85 RWH = 1,70,000 litres

  38. Catchments details: Area, type and nature

  39. WHAT is Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting? • Collection • Filtration • Storage • Usage • Recharge

  40. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 1 • Daily Harvesting • Possible in rain forests or areas with prolonged rainy season • Collect daily – Use • Use when available

  41. Simplest Rain Water harvesting – Use when available During Rainy season, Drinking water needs of 35-house village are met by a simple saree based rainwater harvesting system. (Pic: Shree Padre)

  42. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2 • Harvesting for future use • Necessary where availability is not through out the year • Collect during rains – Store – Use • Storage can be in • 2.1 - Tanks • 2.2 - Soil strata

  43. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.1 • Harvesting for future use - Storage in Tanks • Used in havelis of Rajasthan/Kutcch for centuries • Replicated in Moral Re-armament Centre and Ion Exchange Guest house in Panchgani • Roof acts as catchment area. • Under ground Storage tanks act as collection devices. • Usage by fetching from the tank as per need

  44. Clean Roof Haveli Storage tank in the Raised Plinth Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Tanks Used in Rajasthan and Kutch

  45. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.2 • Harvesting for future use - Storage in Soil • Roof as well as open areas act as catchment surfaces. • Inter particular spaces in soil / rocks are used for storing water. • Water is channeled to structures made for enhanced percolation of the harvested rain water into soil layers • Usage – through Dug wells or bore wells

  46. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I Recharge Pit Method Terrace Building Use through well/ Bore well Simple Ground Water Recharge Pit Permeable strata Subsoil water Ground water

  47. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I Recharge Pit Type 2 Terrace Building Use through well/ Bore well Recharge Pit With a deeper shaft Impermeable strata Subsoil water Ground water

  48. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - II Recharge through Dug well Terrace Building Recharge through well Use through well/bore well Subsoil water Ground water

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