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Chapter 4 Operating Systems and File Management

Explore the core functions of operating systems such as multitasking, memory management, user interfaces, file management, and backup processes. Learn about different operating system categories and file storage techniques. Discover the key elements of popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, and Linux. Dive into virtual machine software and handheld backup solutions.

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Chapter 4 Operating Systems and File Management

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  1. Chapter 4Operating Systems and File Management

  2. Operating System Activities • An operating system is a type of system software that acts as the master controller for all activities that take place within a computer system Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  3. Operating System Activities Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  4. Operating System Activities • Multitasking provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously • Within a single program, multithreading allows multiple parts, or threads, to run simultaneously • When multiple programs are running, the OS should prevent a memory leak—a situation in which instructions and data from one area of memory overflow into memory allocated to another program Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  5. Operating System Activities • Operating System Categories • Single-user operating system • Multiuser operating system • Server operating system • Desktop operating system • Handheld operating system Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  6. Operating System Activities CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  7. User Interfaces • The combination of hardware and software that helps people and computers communicate with each other Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  8. User Interfaces • Buttons, menu bars, toolbars, taskbars, and Ribbons Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  9. User Interfaces • Menus, submenus, and dialog boxes Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  10. The Boot Process Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  11. Microsoft Windows CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  12. Mac OS CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  13. Mac OS CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  14. Mac OS • Popular virtual machine software such as VMware and Parallels Desktop can run on most computers with Intel microprocessors, including Intel Macs, PCs, and generic Linux computers Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  15. UNIX and Linux CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  16. DOS • Disk Operating System • First operating system that many used Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  17. Handheld and Tablet Operating Systems Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  18. File Directories and Folders • An operating system maintains a directory for each storage disk, CD, DVD, BD, or USB flash drive • Root directory • Subdirectory • Depicted as folders • A computer’s file location is defined by a file specification, or path Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  19. File Formats • A software application can open files that exist in its native file format, plus several additional file formats Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  20. File Formats CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  21. Application-Based File Management • Applications generally provide a way to open files and save them in a specific folder on a designated storage device CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  22. Application-Based File Management Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  23. File Management Utilities • File management utilities show you the files stored on your disks and help you work with them CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  24. Windows Explorer CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  25. Windows Explorer CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  26. Physical File Storage • The physical storage model describes what happens on the disks and in the circuits • Storage media must be formatted before it can store files • The formatting process divides the disk into tracks and sectors Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  27. Physical File Storage Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  28. Physical File Storage • The file system keeps track of the names and locations of files • NTFS • Master File Table (MFT) Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  29. Physical File Storage • Fragmented files are stored in noncontiguous clusters and decrease performance • Defragmentation utilities rearrange files so that they are stored in contiguous clusters CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  30. Backup Basics Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  31. Synchronization Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  32. Windows Backup CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  33. Windows Backup Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  34. Windows Backup CLICK TO START Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  35. Virtual Machines Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  36. Handheld Backup Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

  37. Chapter 4 Complete

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