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OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE.

OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE. HUSSAIN HAIDERI, M.D. F.O.M. , CAPS . DEFINITIONS — Several terms are used to define the various forms of work-related asthma [5]:

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OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE.

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  1. OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE. HUSSAIN HAIDERI, M.D. F.O.M. , CAPS.

  2. DEFINITIONS — Several terms are used to define the various forms of work-related asthma [5]: ■Occupational asthma (OA) begins during adulthood and is induced by exposure to immunologic or non-immunologic stimuli found in the workplace [3]. ■Work-exacerbated asthma (also known as work-aggravated asthma) is defined as preexisting or concurrent asthma that subjectively worsens in the workplace [6]. (See "Diagnosis of asthma in adolescents and adults".) ■Irritant-induced asthma results from single or multiple exposures to a nonimmunologic, irritant substance at a high level of intensity. When workplace exposure(s) cause irritant-induced asthma, it is considered a subset of occupational asthma. However, the airway histopathology is different from immunologic OA (table 1). (See "Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome and irritant-induced asthma".) ■Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a form of irritant-induced asthma that is triggered by a single acute high level exposure to a nonimmunologic stimulus [7]. Symptoms begin within minutes of the exposure, and the initial symptoms are followed by on-going asthma-like symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness that last for a prolonged period. (See "Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome and irritant-induced asthma", section on 'Definitions'.) ■Occupational nonasthmaticeosinophilic bronchitis is an asthma variant that develops in the workplace and causes symptoms that mimic asthma, but is not associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (See "Evaluation of subacute and chronic cough in adults", section on 'Nonasthmaticeosinophilic bronchitis'.)

  3. ■Mining and milling of the fibers ■Industrial applications of asbestos (eg, work with textiles, cement, friction materials, insulation, shipbuilding) ■Nonoccupational exposure to airborne asbestos (eg, regular exposure to soiled work clothes brought home by an asbestos worker, renovation or demolition of asbestos-containing buildings, environmental exposure in the neighborhood of industrial sources, and natural environmental exposure to geological sources)

  4. Silicosisrefers to a spectrum of pulmonary diseases caused by inhalation of free crystalline silica (silicon dioxide

  5. Bagassosis,an interstitial lung disease, is a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis attributed to exposure to moldy molasses (bagasse

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