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Introduction

BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations. Introduction. ____________________ : Study of social relations. Interactions between organisms and the environment mediated by behavior. ____________________ : Branch of biology concerned with study of social relations.

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Introduction

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  1. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Introduction • ____________________: Study of social relations. • Interactions between organisms and the environment mediated by behavior. • ____________________: Branch of biology concerned with study of social relations. • _____________: Number of offspring (genes) contributed by an individual to future generations.

  2. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Introduction • Fundamental Question: • ? • Female reproduction thought to be limited by … • Male reproduction limited by … Birds of Paradise… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-05Z-GsGfI

  3. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Introduction • Exhibit both male and female function. http://xpress101.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/tulip-flash-pink.jpg http://scienceblogs.com/zooillogix/giant%20gippsland%20earthworm.jpg Which is the hermaphrodite?

  4. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Mate Choice • Differences in reproductive rates among individuals as a result of differences in mating success. • _____________________: Individuals of one sex compete among themselves for mates. http://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/files/images/BUBO%20mating%20ball.preview.jpg http://www.wildnatureimages.com/Ca%20to%20H/ELK-SPAR-JASPER-NP3..jpg

  5. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Mate Choice • _____________________: Individuals of one sex consistently choose mates among members of opposite sex based on a particular trait.

  6. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Mate Choice and Sexual Selection in Guppies • Given a choice, female guppies will mate with… • Color characteristics that have been shown to confer mating advantage:

  7. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Mate Choice and Sexual Selection in Guppies • Endler performed natural selection study to test color pattern in guppies. • When freed from predation… WHAT HAPPENED? • Kodric-Brown reported reproductive success was determined by a combination of male attractiveness and dominance status. • Observed attractive males tend to be …???

  8. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Mate Choice Among Scorpionflies • Adult scorpionflies (genus Panorpa) feed on dead arthropods in the forest understory. • Dead arthropod supplies are often limited. • Thornhill found that male Panorpa will take possession of, and guard, dead arthropods. • Larger males are more successful.

  9. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Nonrandom Mating Among Wild Radish • Wild radish flowers have both male () and female () parts, but cannot self-pollinate. • Marshall found _____________ mating in wild radish populations. http://www.westernwildflower.com/Hikes/Pt.%20Reyes/Tomales%20Pt.%2007.07.05/Tomales%20pt%2007.07.05%20photos/sm%20Wild%20Radish1971.jpg

  10. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Sociality • Evolution of sociality is generally accompanied by: • Cooperation generally involves exchanges of resources or other forms of assistance.

  11. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Sociality • Eusociality • More complex level of sociality. • Three major characteristics:

  12. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Different-headed Smoothies(aka Heterocephalusglaber)

  13. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Cooperative Breeders • Species living in groups often cooperate in rearing offspring. • What benefit do helpers gain ? • Inclusive fitness: • Inherited territory: • Kin Selection

  14. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations Green Woodhoopoes • Ligons found green woodhoopoes live in territories defended by flocks of 2-16. • Only one pair breeds. • Exhibit strong ____________. • Scarcity of … • Bulk of young tend to be helpers ranging from half to full siblings. http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/birds/phoeniculidae/phoeniculus_purpureus.htm

  15. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations African Lions • Packer and Pusey studied cooperationamong African lions in the Serengeti. • Prides of female lions include 3-6 adults, but may contain as many as 18. • Many forms of cooperation.

  16. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations African Lions • Males cooperate in territory defense. • Not always made up of close relatives. • Single males have no chance of claiming and defending a pride. • Probability of siring young depends on rank within coalition. • Reproductive success more variable in groups of 3-4 than in groups of 2. • Larger coalitions composed of relatives.

  17. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Sex & Social Relations

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