Download
1 / 62
660 likes | 1.45k Vues
Folklores in Thailand. Thai folk : The knowledge of Thai life-style. Thai folk means the pattern of Thai life of living since they were born until die.
E N D
Thai folk : The knowledge of Thai life-style. • Thai folk means the pattern of Thai life of living since they were born until die. • Thai folk consists of Thai social, cultural, life of living, intellectual, behavior, practical, and educational knowledge as well as cultural heredity from the past until nowadays.
The followings are Thai folk : • 1. Tradition • 2. Regional performance including drama, dance, and children’s performance. • 3. Art, Architecture and handicraft. • 4.legend,history,song,proverb,puzzle,belief,horoscope,language, as well as literary The Story of Folk Tales • 5. Work, occupation and the equipment for living life. • 6. Tourism and leisure. • 7. Food and cloth
Traditional • A tradition is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. • Common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes (like lawyer wigs or military officer spurs), but the idea has also been applied to social norms such as greetings.
Thai Costume • The formal Thai national costume, known in Thai as ชุดไทยพระราชนิยม (chut Thai phraratchaniyom, literally Thai dress of royal endorsement), includes several sets of clothing designed for use as national costume in formal occasions. • Although described and intended for use as national costume, they are of relatively modern origins, having been conceived in the second half of the twentieth century.
Man Costume • The men's national costume is known as sueaphraratchathan (เสื้อพระราชทาน, lit. royally bestowed shirt). • It was designed to serve as a national costume for King BhumibolAdulyadejin 1979, and was subsequently given to General PremTinsulanonda, then the Minister of Defence, to promote and wear in public. • Prem has remained the shirt's most recognized wearer, although it has been adopted by many, especially politicians and civil officials, on special occasions. • Many will adopt the shirt for ceremonies such as their own weddings.
Queen Costume • When Queen Sirikit accompanied the king in state visits to Europe and the United States in 1960, she noted that there was a need for a modern national costume suitable for formal wear. • The queen had research conducted into historical records of royal dresses, and eight official designs were developed and promoted by the queen and her aides. • They are named the Ruean Ton, Chit Lada, Amarin, BoromPhiman, Chakkri, Dusit, Chakkraphat and Siwalai Thai dresses. • Since then, these dresses have come into regular use by the public as well.[
Thai Chakkri • Thai Chakkri is a formal and elegant wear, normally produced using "Yok" weaving technique (Yok creates additional thickness within the fabric without adding supplementary threads. • Often a touch of gold or silver-colored threads are added, making the fabric produced this way particularly more expensive) The costume is finished with "pha sin", a full length wrap-around skirt with two pleated folds in the front called "nanang".
Thai Boromphiman • Thai Boromphiman, also a formal evening attire, comprises a long sleeved blouse which is either buttoned at the front or the back. • The blouse is tucked beneath pha sin with its front pleats (nanang). The fabric is brocaded to create a highly luxurious look and feel. • The collar of the blouse is round-necked. The skirt length runs about the ankle.
Thai Boromphiman • The skirt and blouse are sewn together like a one piece dress of which style is suitable for a tall and slender wearer. • It can be worn in either formal or semi-formal events such as the League Ceremony or royal functions. Royal decorations are also worn.
Thai Siwalai • Thai Siwalai, a formal evening costume, is quite similar to Thai Boromphiman, but has an over-shoulder shawl. • It is worn for royal ceremonies or formal functions.
Thai Chakkraphat • Thai Chakkraphat is a Thai dress with a shawl like Thai Chakkri. • However, it is more conservative and considered more official. The upper part has a pleated shawl cover ,a thicker shawl with full embroidery on the upper shawl. • It can be worn for royal or national ceremonies.
Thai Amarin • Thai Amarin is evening attire, made of brocaded fabric. • With this style, the person does not have to wear a belt. • The blouse can be wide and round-necked. • The sleeve length sits just below the elbow. The beauty of this dress is its textile and accessories. • It can be use for an evening dinner or at the Royal Birthday Procession. • The royal decorations are worn.
Thai Chitlada • Thai Chitlada, with its brocaded band at the hem of the pha sin, is a daytime ceremonial dress. • It can be worn with a long sleeved silk blouse, with the front opening attached with five ornamental silver or gold buttons. • The pha sin is a casual wraparound. • It can be worn to a ceremony that is a not too informal such as welcoming the official royal guests at the airport. • Wearers do not need to wear royal decorations but the color and style should be appropriate.
Thai Ruean • Thai Ruean Ton is the most casual clothing of all outfits. It comprises a horizontally or vertically striped silk or plain-colouredpha sin with a patterned band at the hem, sometimes folded to one side, the collarless blouse that goes with it is separated from the ankle-length skirt. • The sleeves are elbow length, and the blouse has a front opening. • It is suitable for casual and non-official functions such as Kathin Ton, the religious ceremony of the conferring of royal offerings to monks.
Thai Etiquette • Thai value systems regarding dress, social behavior, religion, authority figures, and sexuality are much more conservative than those of the average Westerner. • Although the Thais are an extremely tolerant and forgiving race of people blessed with a gentle religion and an easygoing approach to life, visitors would do well to observe proper social customs to avoid embarrassment and misunderstanding.
Thai Etiquette • Thai people are extremely polite and their behavior is tightly controlled by etiquette, much of it based on their Buddhist religion. • It is a non confrontational society, in which public dispute or criticism is to be avoided at all costs. • To show anger or impatience or to raise your voice is s sign of weakness and lack of mental control. • It is also counter productive, since the Thai who will smile, embarrassed by your outburst of anger or frustration is far less likely to be helpful than if you had kept better control of your emotions.
Thai Etiquette • The head is the most sacred part of the body, so should not be touched. The feet are the least sacred, so when sitting they should not point at anyone - most Thais sit on the floor with their feet tucked under their bodies behind them. • To point, particularly with foot, is extremely insulting. • Avoid touching Thai people, it is too intimate a gesture and an invasion of personal space. • When eating, it is considered very rude to blow your nose or to lick you fingers. The right hand must be used to pick up food eaten with the fingers.
Thai Etiquette • Thais do not traditionally shake hand, the wai is the usual greeting. • The hands are placed together as in prayer, and raised upwards towards the face, while the head is lowered in a slight bow. • The height to which the hands should be raised depends on the status of the person you are wai. • In the case of monks, dignitaries and old people the hands are raised to the bridge of the nose, with equals only as far as the chest. Young people and inferiors are not wai, but nodded slightly to.
Thai Etiquette • Thais are famous for their smiles. The Thai smile can say many things. • Thais smile when they are happy, amused, embarrassed, uncertain, wrong, annoyed or furious. • As westerners, we are not generally able to interpret the type of smile we are receiving but be aware that it may not mean what you think it means.
Personal space • Thai anatomy has its own special considerations. Thais believe that the head - the most sacred part of the body - is inhabited by the kwan, the spiritual force of life. • Never pat a Thai on the head even in the friendliest of circumstances. • Standing over someone older, wiser, or more enlightened than yourself - is also considered rude behavior since it implies social superiority. • As a sign of courtesy, lower your head as you pass a group of people. When in doubt, watch the Thais.
Personal space • Conversely, the foot is considered the lowest and dirtiest part of the body. • The worst possible insult to a Thai is to point your unholy foot at his sacred head. • Keep your feet under control; fold them underneath when sitting down, don't point them toward another person, and never place your feet on a coffee table.
Emotions • Face is very important in Thailand. Candor and emotional honesty - qualities highly prized in some Western societies - are considered embarrassing and counterproductive in the East. • Never lose your temper or raise your voice no matter how frustrating or desperate the situation. • Only patience, humor, and jai yen ( cool heart ) bring results in Thailand.
Emotions • The use of the word 'heart'( jai ) is very common in the Thai language, here are but a few examples; jai lorn - angry, nam jai - feelings, nork jai - unfaithful ( adulterous ) jai dee - good hearted, jai dum - black hearted.
A graceful welcome • Thailand's traditional form of greeting is the wai, a lovely prayer-like gesture accompanied with a little head nodding. • Social status is indicated by the height of your wai and depth of your bow: inferiors initiate the wai, while superiors return the wai with just a smile, under no circumstances should you wai waitresses, children, or clerks-this only makes you look ridiculous! Save your respect for royalty, monks, and immigration officials.
Thai Food Etiquette • While not involving tightly buttoned collars and arcane cutlery, there are a few unique things about Thai table manners that you should be aware of. • Most of the manners of Thai eating come from the fact that most Thai meals are taken communally rather than in small groups or couples. • That means that you probably don't want to order a steak that you'll devour yourself.
Thai Food Etiquette • Since dining is such a social activity and status matters so much in Thai society many of the rules of etiquette are based on perceived status among the group. • Here are some guidelines on eating Thai style, of course if you're in a western style restaurant you can ignore these and many younger Thais have adopted western customs.
Thai Food Etiquette Do's • Do take your time and pick at your food; enjoy the conversation and the laughter and the sense of community. • Do pick up the check if it comes to you; in Thai society the person who is perceived to be the richest pays. Nine times out of ten this will be you. On the other hand don't try to contribute if someone else is paying the bill, it takes away from their status and 'face'. • Do make sure to take only small portions of each dish so there's enough to go around. • Do finish everything on your plate; it lets the host know you enjoyed the meal.
Thai Food Etiquette Do's • Do let the senior ladies of the group do the ordering; it's tradition. • Do wait for the host to invite you to dig in. • Do expect a wide variety of dishes and flavours; part of the trick to ordering Thai food is to get a balance of sweet, sour, salty and spicy. • Do serve yourself but only what you can eat in two or three mouthfuls.
Thai Food Etiquette Don'ts • Don't leave your chopsticks in the bowl, it symbolizes death and is very bad luck. • Don't order one dish that you intend to eat by yourself. Thai meals are always shared. • Don't feel bad about adding condiments to flavor your food to your taste. • Don't wait for all of the food to come out before you eat it, Thai meals are leisurely affairs and the food just keeps on coming. • Don't use your fork to put food in your mouth, instead use it to push your food onto your spoon. • Don't look around for your knife - you won't need one as everything is cut up for you.
Dining Etiquette • If you are invited to a Thai's house: • Arrive close to the appointed time, although being a few minutes late will not cause offence. • Check to see if the host is wearing shoes. If not, remove yours before entering the house. • Ask another guest to confirm the dress code. • Step over the threshold rather than on it. This is an old custom that may be dying out with younger Thais, but erring on the side of conservatism is always a good idea.
Table manners • A fork and spoon are the usual eating utensils. However, noodles are often eaten with chopsticks. • The spoon is held in the right hand and the fork in the left. • The fork is used to guide food on to the spoon. Sticky rice, a northern Thai delicacy, is often eaten with the fingers of the right hand. • Most meals are served as buffets or with serving platters in the centre of the table family- style. • You may begin eating as soon as you are served.
Table manners • Leave a little food on your plate after you have eaten to show that you are full. • Finishing everything indicates that you are still hungry. • Never leave rice on your plate as it is considered wasteful. • The words for food and rice are the same. • Rice has an almost mystical significance in addition to its humdrum 'daily bread' function. • Never take the last bite from the serving bowl. • Wait to be asked before taking a second helping. • Do not lick your fingers.
Meeting Etiquette • The Wai (as mentioned above) is the traditional form of greeting, given by the person of lower status to the person of higher status. • Thais generally use first rather than surnames, with the honorific title Khun before the name. • Khun is an all- purpose form of address that is appropriate for both men and women.
Meeting Etiquette • In general, wait for your host and hostess to introduce you to the other guests. • This allows everyone to understand your status relative to their own, and thus know who performs the wai and how low the head should be bowed.
Gift Giving Etiquette • If invited to a Thai's home, a gift is not expected, although it will be appreciated. • Gifts should be wrapped attractively, since appearance matters. Bows and ribbons add to the sense of festivity. • Appropriate gifts are flowers, good quality chocolates or fruit. • Do not give marigolds or carnations, as they are associated with funerals.
Gift Giving Etiquette • Try to avoid wrapping a gift in green, black or blue as these are used at funerals and in mourning. • Gold and yellow are considered royal colors, so they make good wrapping paper. • Only use red wrapping paper if giving a gift to a Chinese Thai. • Gifts are not opened when received. • Money is the usual gift for weddings and ordination parties.
Business Etiquette and Protocol Relationships & Communication • Thais prefer doing business with people they respect. • Relationships develop slowly and do not flourish after one meeting; it may take several meetings. • Always be respectful and courteous when dealing with others as this leads to the harmonious relationships necessary within business. • Thai communication is formal and non-verbal communication is often more important than verbal communication.
Business Etiquette and Protocol Relationships & Communication • Rank is always respected. The eldest person in the group is revered. • It is difficult for most Thais to say no, so you must be cognizant of their non- verbal communication. • Watch your body language and facial expressions, as these will be believed over your words.
Business Meeting Etiquette • Appointments are necessary and should be made one month in advance. • It is good idea to send a list of who will be attending the meeting and their credentials so that Thais know the relative status of the people attending the meeting and can plan properly. • You should arrive at meetings on time as it signifies respect for the person you are meeting. • Although most Thais will try to be on time, punctuality is a personal trait.
Business Meeting Etiquette • Always send an agenda and material about your company as well as data to substantiate your position prior to the meeting. • Allow sufficient time for the material to be reviewed and digested. • Remain standing until told where to sit. • The hierarchical culture has strict rules about rank and position in the group. • Written material should be available in both English and Thai. • You must be patient.
Dress Etiquette • Business attire is conservative. • Men should wear dark colour conservative business suits. • Women should wear conservative business suits or dresses. • Women need not wear hosiery. • Since Thai's judge you on your clothing and accessories, ensure that your shoes are always highly polished.
Business Cards • Business cards are given out after the initial handshake and greeting. • In theory, you should give your card to the most senior person first. • It is advisable to have one side of your business card translated into Thai. • Using your right hand, deliver your business card so the Thai side faces the recipient. • Look at a business card for a few seconds before placing it on the table or in a business card case. • As in most Asian countries, it is polite to make some comment about the card, even if it is only to acknowledge the address.
