Jump Start

1. Jump Start List in order, starting with the event that occurred first, the following events: ‘Bleeding’ Kansas Lincoln’s ‘House Divided’ Speech Missouri Compromise ‘Caning’ of Charles Sumner Kansas-Nebraska Act Compromise of 1850

2. Dred Scott vs. Sandford Slavery Challenged, wins another important victory

3. The Issue Could a slave have a claim to freedom while living in a free state when his master dies? • Dred Scott went with master to Ill & WI, free states, from MO a slave state in the mid-1840s. • In 1846, Master dies & Scott sues for freedom & in 1850 Circuit Court grants it.

4. Decision Made & Appealed • Missouri law favors Scott & he’s declared free. • Sandford’s brother-in-law claims inheritance of Scott and appeals to State Supreme Court. • Court decides for Sandford, making Scott once again a slave, so Scott appeals to the Federal Supreme Court .

5. Heavily Divided Decision • Slavery Issue once again divides a government; cannot issue a single ruling. • Majority ruled Scott still a slave. • Judge Roger B. Taney’s opinion was that Scott had no ‘standing to sue’ – not a citizen.

6. Why would the court’s decision be ‘heavily divided’?

7. Victory for Ideology of Slavery • No claim to citizenship means no rights at all • Slaves were property - Cannot be taken w/o due process under the 5th Amendment. • Congress has no authority to pass laws depriving anyone of property, so Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional all along!!!

8. How is the ideology of slavery strengthened by this decision?

9. Lincoln & Douglas Debate • Occurred during IL Senate race in Oct. 1858 • The issue was over slavery and whether it should exist at all, simply be maintained, or be abolished altogether. • Douglas won the Senate seat, but Lincoln emerged as a leader of the Republican party. race race

10. Lincoln’s and Douglas’ Positions Douglas “I care not whether slavery be voted down or up …” “…our government can endure forever, divided into free and slave states as our fathers made it, - each state having the right to prohibit, abolish, or sustain slavery just as it pleases…the various states were not allowed to complain of, much less interfere with, the policy of their neighbors.”

11. Lincoln’s and Douglas’ Positions Lincoln “…I hate it [slavery] because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world – enables the enemies of free institutions…to taunt us as hypocrites…” “I do not believe this government can endure permanently half slave and half free.”

12. Election of 1860 • One of the most significant in American History • Final piece in the decision of South to secede from the Union • Democrats deeply divided over slavery • Three Candidates Republican – Lincoln Democrat - Stephen Douglas Constitutional Union (Ex-Whigs) - John Breckenridge • Lincoln wins – most electoral votes, but only 40% of the popular vote.

13. The South Decides on Secession • Lincoln’s position on slavery was well known by now – immoral, not the intention of our founding fathers and divisive to the nation, and hypocritical (Constitution). • Southerners believe his position is an attack on their way of life and they can no longer remain part of the United States, now that he is President. • “States Rights” became more important than national union to the South, and they believed they could no longer co-exist peacefully with the North.

14. South Carolina Secedes First • “Fire-eaters” stir up Southern Nationalism • Special Convention held – SC votes to secede unanimously only 6 weeks after Lincoln is elected. • By March – Lincoln’s Inauguration Day - 7 states had seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. • They immediately seized forts, arsenals and other federal property within their states, but not two offshore forts – Ft. Pickens, FL and Ft. Sumter, SC.