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Identifying Turfgrasses

Identifying Turfgrasses. Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005. Warm-season Bermudagrass Zoysia Centipedegrass St. Augustinegrass. Cool-season Tall fescue Fine fescues Kentucky bluegrass Perennial ryegrass Annual ryegrass.

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Identifying Turfgrasses

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  1. Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005

  2. Warm-season Bermudagrass Zoysia Centipedegrass St. Augustinegrass Cool-season Tall fescue Fine fescues Kentucky bluegrass Perennial ryegrass Annual ryegrass Common Turfgrasses in Tennessee

  3. Rhizomes Turfgrass Growth Habit Tillers Stolons

  4. Growth Habit • Bunch: spread by tillering • Uniformity is problem long term or at low seeding rates • Tall, Chewings and Hard Fescues, and Annual and Perennial Ryegrasses

  5. Growth Habit • Rhizomatous • Below-ground lateral shoots • Storage organs • Uniform turfs • Sod production • Bermudagrass, Kentucky Bluegrass, Creeping Red Fescue and Zoysia

  6. Growth Habit • Stoloniferous • Above-ground lateral shoots • Foraging organ; grow faster than rhizomes • Uniform turfs • Close mowing preferred • Sod production • Bermudagrass and Zoysia

  7. A Turfgrass Plant

  8. Vernation Folded Rolled

  9. Leaf Tip Pointed Rounded Boat-shaped

  10. Ligule

  11. Collar

  12. Auricles

  13. Tall Fescue • Growth habit: bunch • Vernation: rolled • Ligule: med.(0.4 - 1.2 mm), blunt • Auricles: short, blunt, hairs • Collar: broad, divided, short hairs • Blade: wide (5-10 mm), flat, stiff (coarse leaf)

  14. Vernation: folded • Ligule: membranous, 0.5 mm, blunt • Auricles: none • Collar: narrow, continuous • Blade: 11/2 - 3 mm, often remaining folded Red fescue

  15. Hard fescue(Festuca longifolia) • Growth habit: bunch • Very stiff leaves, wider than sheep fescue • More tolerant of moist, fertile soils than sheep fescue • Uses: shade mixtures and soil stabilization

  16. Poa spp. • Most commonly used temperate grass • More than 200 species • Vernation: folded • Auricles: none • Leaf blade: boat-shaped tip; distinct central vein + parallel light veins • Growth habit: bunch, stoloniferous or rhizomatous depending on species • Cutting height: 1 to 4 inches

  17. Kentucky bluegrass • Ligule: membranous, very short (0.2 - 0.6 mm), blunt • Collar: broad, divided • Leaf blades: smooth, central vein, boat-shaped tip

  18. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) • Damp/moist, fertile soils • Sun to shade • Major component of many golf greens (unintentionally) and lawns – often form conspicuous patches

  19. Ligule: long (0.8 – 3mm), membranous, pointed • Collar: broad, divided • Blade: two - 3 mm wide; light- to dark-green ecotypes Annual bluegrass

  20. Seed producer (1,190,000 seeds / lb.) Wrinkled leaves Long ligule Annual bluegrass

  21. Rough bluegrass(Poa trivialis) • Growth habit: stoloniferous • Fine-textured, light green • Damp/moist, fertile soils • Poor heat/drought tolerance • Moderate to heavy shade • turns brown & thins out in sun during summer • *Overseeding bermudagrass

  22. Ligule: long (2 - 6 mm) membranous, pointed or notched • Collar: broad, divided • Blades: one - 4 mm wide; glossy surface; sheath has “onion-skin” look Rough bluegrass

  23. Rough bluegrass Weak, small and short stolon Rough bluegrass

  24. Perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) • English ryegrass • Growth habit: bunch • Origin: British Isles • Annual or perennial according to location

  25. Vernation: folded • Ligule: 0.5-2 mm, membranous, blunt to rounded • Auricles: small, claw-like • Collar: broad, divided • Blades: flat, 2-5 mm wide; glossy underside Perennial ryegrass

  26. Other ID tips Very red at the base Seeds are wider above the mid-point Perennial ryegrass Perennial ryegrass

  27. Italian ryegrass • Annual or short-lived perennial • Growth habit: bunch • Vernation: rolled • Ligule: ½ - 2 mm, membranous, rounded • Auricles: pointed, claw-like • Collar: broad, continuous Annual ryegrass

  28. awns rolled folded Annual ryegrass Perennial ryegrass

  29. Bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.) • Most common southern turfgrass; highly variable • Several species and hybrids: • Common = Cynodon dactylon (18 chromosomes) • African = C. transvaalensis (36 chromosomes) • Hybrids: C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis; Sterile

  30. Bermudagrass • Vernation: folded • Ligule: fringe of hairs • Auricles: none • Collar: continuous, narrow to broad • Blades: flat, 1.5 - 4 mm wide, smooth or hairy above & below • Growth habit: stoloniferous, rhizomatous

  31. Bermudagrass

  32. Zoysia

  33. Zoysia (Zoysia spp.) • Three species used for turf: • Japanese lawngrass = Zoysiajaponica • Manilagrass = Zoysia matrella • Mascarenegrass = Zoysia tenuifolia

  34. Zoysia • Vernation: rolled • Auricles: none • Ligule: fringe of hairs • Collar: broad, continuous, w/ long hairs • Blades: flat, 2-4 mm wide, stiff, long hairs on top (bottom) • Growth habit: stoloniferous, rhizomatous

  35. Zoysia pointed, stiff, upright leaves

  36. Centipedegrass(Eremochloa ophiuroides) • Moderately coarse -textured • Stoloniferous • Adaptation and Uses • Coastal, southern transition zone • Lawns, rights-of-way • Use is increasing

  37. Centipedegrass

  38. St. Augustinegrass • Coarse-textured • Stoloniferous • Leaf blade constricted at the base

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