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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS Shelly Cashman Rosenblatt. Systems and Procedures. Procedures specify how the work must be done. Systems and Procedures. Procedures specify how the work must be done

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN

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  1. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS Shelly Cashman Rosenblatt

  2. Systems and Procedures • Procedures specify how the work must be done

  3. Systems and Procedures • Procedures specify how the work must be done • A system is a group of related procedures for a specific business function

  4. Systems andProcedures • Procedures specify how the work must be done • A system is a group of related procedures for a specific business function • Data is basic facts that are the system's raw material

  5. Systems and Procedures • Procedures specify how work must be done • A system is a group of related procedures for a specific business function • Data is basic facts that are the system's raw material • Processing transforms input into accurate, meaningful business information

  6. Systems and Procedures

  7. Information System Components • Hardware • Software • Data • Procedures • People

  8. Information System Components • Hardware is the physical layer of the information system

  9. Information System Components • Software • System software controls the hardware and software environment and includes the operating system • Application software consists of programs that that process data to produce information

  10. Information System Components • Data stored in files and databases is a vital component of every system

  11. Information System Components • Procedures define the tasks that must be performed by users, managers, and IS staff

  12. Information System Components • People who use the system are called users, or end users, and include employees, customers, vendors, or others who interact with the system

  13. Information System Components

  14. Business Information Systems • Companies are classified based on their main activities: • Production-oriented (industrial ) companies that manufacture & sell goods • Service companies that mainly offer information, services, or sell goods made by others • Combined industrial & service companies

  15. Business Information Systems • Characteristics of business information systems • 4 main characteristics affect a business information system’s complexity • Relationships with other systems • Boundaries • Specialized business needs • Size of the company

  16. Business Information Systems

  17. Types of Information Systems • Operational systems • Management information systems • Decision support systems • Executive information systems • Expert systems • Office systems

  18. Types of Information Systems • Operational systems process data generated by day-to-day business transactions

  19. Types of Information Systems • Management information systems generate timely and accurate information for top, middle, and lower managers

  20. Types of Information Systems • Decision support systems help managers make business decisions by analyzing data and providing a what-if model

  21. Types of Information Systems • Executive information systems support information requirements of top-level managers who make unstructured decisions

  22. Types of Information Systems • Expert systems simulate human reasoning and decision-making using a knowledge base and inference rules • Office systems are used by knowledge workers

  23. Types of Information Systems • Elements include • Local and wide area networking • Electronic mail, voice mail, and fax • Video conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, electronic filing • Database management, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, presentation graphics • Company intranets, and Internet access throughout the company

  24. Organizational Levels • Four organizational levels • Operational personnel • Lower management • Middle management • Top management

  25. Organizational Levels

  26. Organizational Levels • Four organizational levels • Operational personnel • Lower management • Middle management • Top management • Responsibilities, decision-making styles, and information system requirements

  27. Organizational Levels

  28. Systems Development Life Cycle • Systems planning • Systems analysis • Systems design • Systems implementation • Systems operation and support

  29. Systems Development Life Cycle

  30. Systems Development Life Cycle • Systems planning • Preliminary investigation report • Systems analysis • System requirements document • Systems design • System design specification • Systems implementation • Complete functioning information system • Systems operation and support • Operational information system

  31. Systems Development Life Cycle

  32. Systems Development Life Cycle • Systems planning • Purpose – identify problem’s nature/scope • Systems request – begins the process & describes desired changes/improvements • Systems planning – includes preliminary investigation or feasibility study • End product – preliminary investigation report

  33. Systems Development Life Cycle • Systems analysis • Purpose is to learn exactly how the current system operates • Fact-finding or requirements determination is used to define all functions of the current system

  34. Systems Development Life Cycle • Options • Develop a system in-house • Purchase a commercial package • Modify an existing system • Stop development • The end product for this phase is the systems requirements document

  35. Systems Development Life Cycle • Systems design • Purpose is to satisfy all documented requirements • Identify all outputs, inputs, files, manual procedures, & application programs • Avoid misunderstanding through manager and user involvement • End product is system design specification

  36. Systems Development Life Cycle • Systems implementation • Construct/deliver information system • Prepares functioning, documented system • Write, test, document application programs • User and manager approval obtained • File conversion occurs • Users, managers, IS staff trained to operate and support the system • Post-implementation evaluation performed

  37. Systems Development Life Cycle • Systems operation and support • New system supports business operations • Maintenance changes correct errors or meet requirements • Enhancements increase system capability • After several years of operation, systems experience need for extensive changes • Systems development life cycle ends with system replacement

  38. Systems Development Life Cycle • General considerations • Complete the phases in sequence • The next phase does not begin until the previous phase has been completed • Each phase requires user sign-off • Focus on end products • Estimate required resources

  39. Systems Development Life Cycle • Automated tools for systems development • Software tools • Prototypes • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)

  40. TRADEOFF • Is it better to have more or fewer phases in the SDLC?

  41. TRADEOFF • Is it better to have more or fewer phases in the SDLC? • More phases can result in more checkpoints, end products, and work • Fewer phases can result in less cost and faster development time • Success really depends on the skills and motivation of the development team

  42. Information Systems Department • Operations group responsible for centralized computers and processing • Technical support group installs and supports systems software and serves in an advisory and support capacity to other groups in the IS department

  43. Information Systems Department

  44. Information Systems Department • Applications group analyzes, designs, programs, tests, installs, and maintains the company’s information systems • Information center (IC) provides users with technical resources, information, and support

  45. SOFTWEAR, LIMITED • Background and history • Company organization chart • IS department structure

  46. SOFTWEAR, LIMITED • Background and history • Manufactures and sells casual and recreational clothing • Formed in 1991 • $250 million total 1997 sales • Total of 450 employees • California & Texas manufacturing plants • 125 people work at SWL’s headquarters in Raleigh, N.C. • SWL maintains a Web site

  47. SOFTWEAR, LIMITED • Company organization chart • President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports • Vice President Operations, David Josephs • Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal • Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy • Vice President Human Resources, Tina Pham

  48. SOFTWEAR, LIMITED

  49. SOFTWEAR, LIMITED • Company organization chart • President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports • Vice President Operations, David Josephs • Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal • Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy • Director of Information Systems, Ann Hon, reports to the Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy • Vice President Human Resources, Tina Pham

  50. SOFTWEAR, LIMITED

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