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Greek Wars

Greek Wars. Athens. Direct democracy – rule by the people Only free adult males were citizens Women, slaves and foreigners had few rights Slaves = 1/3 population Slave jobs = mines, farming, and housework Women = childrearing, weaving, cooking, managing household, stay out of sight

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Greek Wars

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  1. Greek Wars

  2. Athens • Direct democracy – rule by the people • Only free adult males were citizens • Women, slaves and foreigners had few rights • Slaves = 1/3 population • Slave jobs = mines, farming, and housework • Women = childrearing, weaving, cooking, managing household, stay out of sight • Art and expression highly valued

  3. Athenian Women • “ you will need to stay indoors… the greatest joy of all will be to prove yourself…a better helpmate to myself and to the children, a better guardian of our home, so will your honor increase… [by being dutiful] you will enjoy your food, grow vigorous in health, and your complexion will in very truth be lovelier”. -Xenophon

  4. Sparta • Two governing groups -Assembly = all free adult males elected officials and voted on major issues - Council of Elders = proposed laws which the assembly voted on - 5 elected officials carried out laws -2 kings ruling Sparta’s military

  5. Levels of Spartan Society • Citizens descended from original inhabitants, usually ruling families who owned land • non-citizens but free, worked in commerce and industry • Helots- peasants forced to stay on land they worked • Slaves

  6. Spartan Education • Men = training for military • Age 7 boys leave home and live in army barracks • March all day without shoes, sleep on hard benches at night • Goal was to create strong soldiers and put Sparta above all else

  7. Girls Education • Ran, wrestled and played sports • Put Sparta above all else • Women managed estates while men served Polis • Had a large voice in society compared to Athens

  8. Sparta Cont. • Sparta has most powerful army in Greece • Individual expression discouraged • Value strength, duty, discipline over beauty, freedom and individuality

  9. MINI QUIZ!!! True or False… A direct democracy is where people vote for a representative to make decisions for them. Thumbs up or down Answer = False

  10. ACTIVITY!!! • Get into groups of 2 or 3 • Read the handout about Athens and Sparta • Create a caricature of either an Athenian or a Spartan based on what you have read • Draw and label at least 3 characteristics of your Athenians/Spartan • YOU ONLY NEED ONE PICTURE PER GROUP!!!!!!!! • Go up to the board and fill in the chart • You have 30 MINUTES to complete this.

  11. Persian Wars • Between Greece and Persia (Kind Darius) • Athenians fight attacking Persians and win • City of Athens stood defenseless

  12. “Rejoice we conquer” • Sent a runner named Pheidippides (fy-DIP-uh-deez) to race back to Athens • He sent news that the Persians were defeated so the Athenians would not give up city without a fight • Sprinted from city of Marathon to Athens delivered his message, collapsed and died • Athenians were waiting for Persians, so they sailed away in retreat

  13. Persian Wars • 10 yrs later Persia invades under Xerxes (son of Darius) • Assembles huge military force • Greeks badly divided • No resistance till arrive at Thermopylae

  14. Persian War Cont. • At the mountain pass of Thermopylae 300 Spartans and 7,000 Greeks block way • Fought 3 days before traitor tells Persians about a secret path around cliffs • Spartans hold pass while other Greeks retreat

  15. Persian War Cont. • Xerxes burns Athens then tries to block their ships in the channel • Channel too narrow for Persian ships • Athenian ships attack and sink 1/3 of Persian fleet • Spartans defeat rest of Persian army

  16. Aftermath • Athens becomes leader of an alliance of 140 city-states called the Delian league • The league drove the Persians from surrounding areas to end all future threat • City of Athens enters Golden Age

  17. MINI QUIZ!!! True or False… The Greeks were well united against the Persian army. Thumbs up or down Answer = False

  18. Peloponnesian War • Tension between the two Polis’s Athens and Sparta increase • Sparta declares war on Athens • Athens = strongest sea power • Sparta = land advantage

  19. Peloponnesian War Cont. • Pericles (leader of Athens) wants to avoid land battles with Sparta and fight from the sea • Spartans burn Athenians food supply • Athenians move inside city walls • As long as ships could sail into port of Athens wont starve

  20. Peloponnesian War Cont. • In 2nd year of fighting plague killed 1/3 -2/3 of Athens population, including Pericles • Then their fleet was destroyed fighting the Polis of Syracuse • Athenians fought for another 9 years before they surrendered

  21. Unit Vocabulary:Define the following words in your notebook. Start on page 112 in the book. • Mycenaean's *Phalanx *Trojan War *Tyrants • Dorian's * Helots *Homer *Democracy • Epics * Persian Wars *Myths *Direct Democracy • Polis *Classical Art *Acropolis *Tragedy • Monarchy * Comedy *Aristocracy *Peloponnesian War • Aristotle *Macedonia • Demosthenes *Alexander the Great • Darius III *Hellenistic • Alexandria *Euclid • Archimedes *Colossus of Rhodes • Plato *Socrates • Oligarchy *Philosophers

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