Groupthink II

1. Groupthink II By: Yousuf Ahmed, Rob Bertram, Heather Link, and Emily Gentry.

2. Groupthink works! • Groupthink is a thought that reduces conflicts between group members. • Stereotyping and rationalizing warnings are some examples. http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~renglish/377/notes/chapt03/index.htm

3. Groupthink fails! • Groupthink can cause huge mistakes when the rational reasoning of a group is distorted by the faulty reasoning of an individual • Groupthink is sometimes known to cause groups to make irrational decisions in order to set aside certain group members doubts. • The failure of the Groupthink process can be seen in the Chernobyl and Columbia shuttle incidents as well as the Vietnam Escalation

4. Groupthink in Chernobyl! • In the Chernobyl incident, those in charged allowed operation under untrained personnel • Therefore, others did not put any thought into the fact that Chernobyl is a dangerous facility which requires training • The inexperienced operator failed to take proper precautions and did not have the knowledge to contain the dangerous radiation www.cesul.org.uk

5. Groupthink in Columbia!

6. Chernobyl • The Chernobyl incident began when a No. 4 reactor exploded due to poor design by the Soviets as well as incorrect operations. This event marks the only one to have caused deaths by nuclear power flaws. The explosion took place because the operator overrode automatic shutdown mechanisms, which inhibited the flow of coolant. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/06/in_pictures_chernobyl0s_lost_city/html/9.stm

7. Chernobyl Cont… • This explosion led to more increasing energy being released over time. Once the operator discovered the danger they were in, they tried to shut off the reactor, however, a flaw in the design caused the radioactive fuel to be ruptured and an immediate explosion occurred as a massive surge of steam lifted off the protective cover of the lid. The explosion immediately released a large amount of radioactive contents, instantly killing twenty eight people in four months after the explosion. Also the event led to radiation being released which caused many people to have long-term medical problems such as different types of cancers as well as birth defects. In order to avoid similar problems the structure will be replaced in 2011 by a new and improved structure. Although this event is seen as very tragic and memorable is also led to improved safety and precaution associated with nuclear reactors.

8. Columbia Shuttle • This event took place took place on February 1, 2003. Fifteen minutes from the expected arrival time of the Columbia shuttle from Florida, it was destroyed over Texas because of a number of malfunctions dealing with temperatures increasing and decreasing. The cause of this terrible disaster was a small piece of foam which was broken away after take-off and struck the left wing. This event took seven of the crew members lives. However, it also taught a lesson dealing with safety and functional designs. http://www.u.arizona.edu/~hazey/sts85discovery.jpg

9. Vietnam Escalation • This event took place simply because of false information being given. American radars detected objects that were said to be torpedo boats getting ready to attack the Gulf of Tonkin. Seeing as this took place the Tonkin Gulf Resolution was passed three days prior to the objects being spotted. The resolution gave president Johnson power to avoid greater conflict. However, the false information was later proved, the “torpedo ships” were actually birds, weather, or American planes. This false information led the Johnson Administration to make certain decisions that further escalate the war. http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/vtonk.html