World History

1. World History California Standards Review Part II Created by Sharon Wilson ck122.k12.sd.us/600px-World_Map_1689.JPG

2. HSS.WH.10.6.2Describe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties on population movement, the international economy, and shifts in the geographic and political borders of Europe and the Middle East. • After the World War I, the recovery of the German economy was helped by the Dawes Plan, which provided loans from American banks. • The European allies hope to get most of their money needed for rebuilding after World War I by collecting reparations (payment for war damages) from Germany. westerncivguides.umwblogs.org

3. HSS.WH.10.6.3Understand the widespread disillusionment with prewar institutions, authorities, and values that resulted in a void that was later filled by totalitarians. • One way fascist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s gained popular support was by appealing to national pride. • The Nazis blamed most of Germanys post World War I social and economic problems on Jews and the communists. • The art and literature inspired by the events of the World War I mainly reflected a widespread feeling of disillusionment. • Two main political changes rocked the world after the war: a greater number of countries began to adopt more liberal forms of government, and an angered Germany tried to cope with the punitions doled out to them by the victors, as its hostilities rose to the point where it provoked the second world war two decades later. barking-moonbat.com

4. HSS.WH.10.6.2Describe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties on population movement, the international economy, and shifts in the geographic and political borders of Europe and the Middle East. • After World War I, the territories of the Ottoman Empire in Southwest Asia were partitioned into smaller areas. The area of Palestine (Israel) was the area set aside for nearly 400,000 Jewish immigrants between 1919-1941. • In a comparison of maps of Europe before and after World War I, the most significant result of the war and the peace treaty was the dismemberment of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire; this directly contributed to the creation of new nations in Eastern Europe. blogs.moundsparkacademy.org

5. HSS.WH.10.7.1Understand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, including Lenin’s use of totalitarian means to seize and maintain control (e.g., the Gulag). • A totalitarian state is a state in which the government controls every aspect of public and private life. • Cheka (secret police) helped Lenin gain control of Russia by using terrorist tactics against the enemies of Bolshevism. • Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution of 1917 would incite similar socialist rebellions throughout Europe. • Lenin’s solution to those who opposed the establishment of a communist government was to confine them to concentration camps. • Under Lenin, the Russian Revolution transformed Russia from a czarist autocracy to a communist dictatorship. marxist.com rosenblumtv.wordpress.com

6. Stalin, the Aggressor HSS.WH.10.7.2Trace Stalin’s rise to power in the Soviet Union and the connection between economic policies, political policies, the absence of a free press, and systematic violations of human rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine). • The Great Purgewas a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalinin 1934–1939 • Stalin’s “Great Purge” brought death to millions of people. • Stalin’s chief political rival was Trotsky in the 1920s struggle to control the Soviet Union. • Western leaders of Europe and the United States saw Stalin’s leadership of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a reflection of aggression. • The purpose of the Soviet state's Five-Year Plans was for economic development. robertamsterdam.com

7. HSS.WH.10.7.3Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting their common dissimilar traits. • Both the Italian Fascists and German Nazis gained power partly because they used terror tactics against political opponents. • Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy, and Stalin’s Russia were all totalitarian states, political opponents were killed, and all three nations wanted to expand their borders. • Fascism stresses nationalism. • Nazism is an extreme form of fascism. • Communism is a Marxist totalitarian state where government specified property or means of production are owned by the state and not citizens or persons, and which may also provide for a form of equal distribution of national production. tundratabloids.com

8. HSS.WH. 10.8.1Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939. • In 1939, France and Great Britain declared war on German as a direct result of the German invasion of Poland. • Japan sought to establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere between 1931-1945. • In 1939, Stalin and Hitler signed a “non-aggression pact”, which divided the states of Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet “spheres of Influence. • In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanking and proceeded to murder 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city. The six weeks of carnage would become known as the Rape of Nanking and represented the single worst atrocity during the World War II era in either the European or Pacific theaters of war Hitler’s Storm troopers xtimeline.com poloniatoday.com

9. HSS.WH.10.8.2Understand the role of appeasement, nonintervention (isolationism), and domestic distractions in Europe ant the United States prior to outbreak of World War II. • In 1938, the British Prime Minister, Chamberlain, believed and encouraged British citizens that the only way to prevent another war with Germany was appeasement, a diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to another power. • The British and French policy towards Germany at the Munich Conference of 1938 was appeasement. • Non-interventionism (isolationism) foreign policy which holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations, but still retain diplomacy and avoid all wars not related to direct territorial self-defense; this was the United States position prior to the outbreak of World War II. facethestate.com makmebel.eu

10. HSS.WH.10.8.3Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors. • Following the United States’ entrance into World War II, American and British leaders decided the highest priority was to invade Europe and defeat Germany. • Hitler signed a “non-aggression” treaty with Stalin on the eve of World War II to allow Germany to invade Poland without Soviet opposition. • Allied leaders decided the enemy that must be defeated first in World War II was Nazi Germany. • One major goal of the Yalta Conference in 1945 was to decide how to restructure Europe after the war. • In the Battle of Britain, the Royal Air Force was outnumbered, but defeated the German Luftwaffe. metaldetectingworld.com yellowairplane.com

11. HSS. WH. 10.8.4Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower). • “Yesterday, December 7, 1941– a date which will live in infamy…was part of speech given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to persuade Congress to declare war on Japan, following the bombing of Pearl Harbor. • Gen. Eisenhower was the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II. • Gen. McArthur was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army during World War II. Pearl Harbor historywiz.com

12. Leaders of World War II Hitler Churchill Roosevelt Stalin Mussolini General Eisenhower General McArthur Hirohito otrcat.com ashkaangolestani.wordpress.com jspivey.wikispaces.com topnews.in madmonarchist.blogspot.com wheniwalk.com solarnavigator.net janleighton.com

13. HSS.WH.10.8.5Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its transformation into the Final Solution and the Holocaust resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians. • Adolf Hitler's Final Solution is best described as a systematic genocide against Jews and other "non-Aryans.” • The Nuremberg Laws were significant because they stripped Jews of their rights as citizens of Germany, making them vulnerable to further acts of discrimination. • The “Final Solution” and Holocaust resulted in the murder of six million Jews. 15pinalm.edublogs.org debbieschlussel.com

14. HSS.WH.10.8.6Discuss the human costs of the war, with particular attention to the civilian losses in Russia, Germany, Britain, United States, China, and Japan. • The Soviet Union suffered high civilian and military casualtiesbecause it was invaded and partially occupied during World War II. • Japan surrendered unconditionally to the United States on August 10, the day after the bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. • The total estimated human loss of life caused by World War II was roughly 72 million people, making it the deadliest and most destructive war in human history. history.howstuffworks.com en.wikipedia.org

15. HSS.WH.10.9.1Compare the economic and military power shift caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan. • The main reason thatPoland, Czechoslovakia, Hungry, and Romania became satellitesof the Soviet Union was because the Soviet army occupied these areas at the end of World War II. • The economic recovery of Japan following World War II focused on developing industry and an export economy. • One key outcome of World War II was that the Soviet Union emerged as an international superpower.

16. HSS.WH.10.9.1Compare the economic and military power shift caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan. • After the United States, the Soviet Union was the first to test a nuclear weapon. • The Soviet Union's development of its own bomb led to the arms race after the war. • One of the stated goals of the Yalta Conference was to divide Germany into occupation zones after the war. • Churchill described the Soviet control over Eastern European nations as under communist totalitarian dictatorship, while the West enjoyed freedom and democracy. He described it as if a giant "iron curtain" descended on Europe dividing it between free and non-free people. jaunted.com jspivey.wikispaces.com fineartamerica.com

17. HSS.WH.10.9.2Analyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Egypt, Congo, Vietnam, and Chile. • The primary cause of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was a competition for political influence over other countries. • United States intervention in Vietnam resulted from the Cold War policy of containment. • The major goal of the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War was to create a defensive buffer zone in Eastern Europe. oldenburger.us whyguides.com

18. HSS.WH.10.9.2Analyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Egypt, Congo, Vietnam, and Chile. Warsaw Pact • The Warsaw Pact was developed by the Soviet Union as a response to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). • The domino theory was a term used by President Dwight Eisenhower to describe the following possibility in Southeast Asia: If one country fell to communism, others would follow. • The Soviet launch of Sputnik Iin 1957 led the U.S. to devote new resources to math and science education. NATO Domino Theory israelmatzav.blogspot.com shsu.edu ronbosoldier.blogspot.com

19. HSS.WH.10.9.3Understand the importance of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, which established the pattern for America’s postwar policy of supplying economic and military aid to prevent the spread of Communism and the resulting economic and political competition in arenas such as Southeast Asia (e.g., the Korean War, Vietnam War), Cuba, and Africa. • In a 1947 speech, a distinguishing between democracy and communismwas part of the rationale for the Truman Doctrine. The idea of the will of the people v. the will of a minority few ruling the masses. • When the United States sent military aid to African governments to help them resist communism, it was an example of the use of the Truman Doctrine. • The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 brought the Soviet Union and the United States to the brink of nuclear war because the Soviet Union had installed offensive intermediate-range missiles in Cuba. • The Marshall Plan was concerned with building the economies of Europe. library.thinkquest.org

20. HSS.WH.10.9.3Understand the importance of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, which established the pattern for America’s postwar policy of supplying economic and military aid to prevent the spread of Communism and the resulting economic and political competition in arenas such as Southeast Asia (e.g., the Korean War, Vietnam War), Cuba, and Africa. Korean War • In a speech in 1947, Truman asked Congress to support all people who are resisting forced control by armed minority pressures which is clearly identified as communism. • The main reason the United States got involved in the Korean Conflict and the Vietnam Conflict was the policy of containment, which is to halt the spread of communism. • The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was to prevent the spread of communism. • The Truman Doctrine was intended to assist Greece and Turkey as stated by Congress, was the intention of the military and financial support to be given to nations in need of aid to defend themselves against communist aggression. Truman Doctrine en.wikipedia.org visitingdc.com katelynn456.glogster.com

21. HSS.WH. 10.9.4Analyze the Chinese Civil War, the rise of Mao Tse-Tung,and the subsequent political and economicupheavals in China (e.g., the Great Leap Forward, theCultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Squareuprising). • Mao consider peasants to be the heroes of China's Cultural Revolution during the 1960s. • The goal of Mao's "Great Leap Forward“ was to modernize China's agriculture and industry. • The main goal of the Chinese student protest in Tiananmen Square in 1989 was to demand democratic reform. Mao Tse -Tung Tiananmen Square, 1989 dailymail.co.uk toptenz.net

22. HSS.WH.10.9.5Describe the uprisings in Poland (1956), Hungary (1956), and Czechoslovakia (1968) and those countries’ resurgence in the 1970s and 1980s as people in Soviet satellites sought freedom from Soviet control. • In 1968, events in Czechoslovakia: • Began with a writers’ protest • A hard-line Communist leader resigned and was replaced by a leader who was open to democratic reform. • New leader instituted reforms allowing greater freedom of speech and freedom of the press. • Soviets reestablished control and restored he hard-line Communists to power. • The Soviet Union dealt with uprisings in Poland, Hungry, and Czechoslovakia during the 1950s and 1960s by crushing the uprisings with military force. michael-stollaire.com enotes.com

23. HSS.WH.10.9.6Understand how the forces of nationalism developed in the Middle East, how the Holocaust affected world opinion regarding the need for a Jewish state, and the significance and effects of the location and establishment of Israel on world affairs. • The Arab oil embargo against the United States in 1973 was initiated because of U.S. support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War. • TheOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in 1960. The five original members were Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela, but they were later joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), and Nigeria (1971). room4truth.com heatingoil.com hydrogencommerce.com

24. HSS.WH.10.9.8Discuss the establishment and work of the United Nations and the purposes and functions of the Warsaw Pact, SEATO, and NATO, and the Organization of American States. • The specific purpose and function of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to stop the spread of communism. • NATO was created in order to create a unified military defense between the United States and Western Europe. • The Warsaw Pact was developed in 1955 as a response to NATO. • At the end of World War II, the Allies sought collective security through an international organization by the United Nations Charter. uruknet.com truthinmedia.org

25. HSS.WH.10.10.1Understand the challenges in the regions, including the geographical, cultural, military, and economic significance and the international relationships in which they are involved. • During the Twentieth century, religious and ethnic conflict and existence of vast oil reserves have made the Middle East significant to the rest of the world. • The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) coordinated most of the world's oil production. Religious Conflicts Oil Reserves OPEC Nations haraheta.net solarnavigator.ne secularism.org.uk

26. HSS.WH.10.10.2Describe the recent history of the regions, including the political divisions and systems, key leaders, religious issues, natural features, resources, and population patterns. • In India and Pakistan, feelings of nationalism are intertwined with religious conflict between Muslims and Hindus. • Cuba become a communist country when Fidel Castro took control and declared it to be communist. • In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. Its collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism. • Reagan and Gorbachev both possessed strong visions of a future. That future was one in which the arms race of the Cold War and the constant threat of world destruction were no more. Reagan and Gorbachev accomplished those goals to give us the world we now live in.

27. HSS.WH.10.11Analyze the integration of countries into the world economy and the information, technological, and communications revolutions (e.g., television, satellites, computers). • About150 nations belong to theWorld Trade Organization; the main purpose of this organization is to promote international trade. • ManyU.S. companies, such as computer companies, have some of their operations in other countries because operations can be carried out more cheaply in other countries. • The most common method countries use to increase the amount of business they do with other countries is by removing trade restrictions. • TheWorld Trade Organization is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. blog.goinglobal.com pokeronamac.com

28. World History This is the end of Part 2 of the Modern World History Standards Review If you are reviewing for end of course or State Testing; Review Part 1 and Part 2 Created by Sharon Wilson ck122.k12.sd.us/600px-World_Map_1689.JPG