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Plants Used In Cancer Treatment

Plants Used In Cancer Treatment. Part - III. Camptotheca acuminata – the happy tree. Camptotheca acuminata – the happy tree. Tree in the Nyssaceae ( Liriodendron family) Distribution Use in traditional medicine Late 1950s - NCI screening

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Plants Used In Cancer Treatment

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  1. Plants Used In Cancer Treatment Part - III

  2. Camptotheca acuminata – the happy tree

  3. Camptotheca acuminata – the happy tree • Tree in the Nyssaceae (Liriodendron family) • Distribution • Use in traditional medicine • Late 1950s - NCI screening • 1966 - a quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) was isolated from bark (and wood)

  4. Early clinical trials of CPT • Solubility problems with CPT • 1985 interest renewed • Late 1980s semi-synthetic derivatives • Current status • Two semi-synthetics approved: Topotecan (Hycamptin) and Irinotecan (Camptosar)

  5. Other CPTs • Other CPTs undergoing clinical trials for various forms of cancer • 9-nitrocamptothecin • BAY-38-3441 • Exatecan • 9-aminocamptothecin • CPTs also being investigated as anti-viral drugs, esp anti-HIV

  6. Source of CPTs • Population decline of Camptotheca acuminata trees in China • Plantations in US • Found in leaves • Laboratory synthesis • New source of CPTs - Camptotheca lowreyana

  7. Lapacho – Tabebuia impetiginosa

  8. Lapacho • Tabebuia impetiginosa - tree in the family Bignoniaceae (catalpa family) • Distribution • Traditional uses in South America • Available as a dietary supplement • Lapachol isolated in 1884 • Beta-lapachone identified later

  9. Lapachol and Beta-lapachone • Both are simple phenolic compounds • Lapachol is a napthaquinone • Beta-lapachone is a quinone • Both have anti-cancer properties but are both highly toxic

  10. Evaluation • Early studies in South America • NCI - effective but side effects too great • Current investigations – Beta laphone • Mode of action • Derivative: 3-allyl-beta-lapachone • Interest in anti-viral activity of beta-lapachone • Use of lapacho teas as dietary supplements

  11. Fumagillin – an angiogenesis inhibitor from Aspergillus fumigatus

  12. Aspergillus fumigatus • Morphology and characteristics of Aspergillus • Environmental sources • Thermophilic fungus • Human pathogen

  13. Fumagillin • Antibiotic from Aspergillus fumigatus • Discovered in 1953 – not widely used for human infections – used for animals • Recent interest as anti-malarial and other protozoans • Accidental discovery led to observation of death of endothelial cell cultures

  14. Fumagillin derivative • Animal studies showed fumagillin inhibited vascularization of tumors in mice but quite toxic • Semisynthetic derivatives of fumagillin developed • TNP-470 now in Phase I, II, and III clinical trials for various types of cancer • Inhibits vascularization of tumors by arresting endothelial cell cycle in late G1 stage

  15. Iscador from Viscum album, European mistletoe

  16. Iscador • Extract from Viscum album • Widely used as a complementary therapy to conventional chemotherapy drugs • Lectins appear to be active components • Stimulates parts of the immune system that can slow the growth of cancer cells • Improves quality of life for cancer patients

  17. Other sources • Many other plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria have anti-cancer properties • Some are used in chemotherapy • Others in clinical trials • Others still not developed • Many others not investigated yet

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