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Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644

Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644. New Era of Greatness in China. Centralized Bureaucracy Increased Domestic and International Trade that benefited the Chinese Renovated infrastructure – Great Wall and Grand Canal. Admiral Zheng He 1 st :1405 – 7 th : 1431.

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Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644

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  1. Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644

  2. New Era of Greatness in China • Centralized Bureaucracy • Increased Domestic and International Trade that benefited the Chinese • Renovated infrastructure – Great Wall and Grand Canal

  3. Admiral ZhengHe1st:1405 – 7th: 1431

  4. The route of the 7th voyage of Zheng He's fleet.

  5. Westerners Coming In • Portuguese traders – peaked curiosity in China • Outsiders were seen as barbarians; inferior to the Chinese

  6. Revived the Civil Service Exam

  7. Printing & Literacy Cheap, popular books: Examination system Leads to explosion in literacy Leads to further popularization of the commercial market Culture & Art Increased literacy leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things Ming Cultural Revolution Dream of the Red Chamber – example of the new type of literature that depicted reality

  8. The Forbidden City: China’s New Capital * Closed to Foreigners and Commoners

  9. Ming Porcelain/Ceramics Blue and White porcelain is the most famous of Ming Art – very popular in Europe

  10. Ming Vases

  11. Ming Scroll Painting“A Fisher in Autumn”

  12. Ming Painting – “Leaf Album Painting”

  13. Ming Painting – “Painting of Birds”, 15c.

  14. Downfall of the Ming Dynasty • Weak rulers • Corruption  high taxes  peasant unrest • Poor crop yields due to harsh climate • Epidemic of disease – decrease in population • Manchu push south and take on the rebellious peasants; establish the Qing Dynasty

  15. Qing (Manchu) Dynasty 1644 -1910 Qing 1644-1910

  16. Qing 1644-1910

  17. Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912) • Ming dynasty fell in 1644 amid peasant uprisings and Manchu invasion • Manchu and Han Chinese

  18. Politics • Manchus rule - not Han Chinese • 2 % of the pop. of China was Manchu • Manchu ruled using Chinese system but Chinese were forbidden to hold high national offices. • Continued Confucian civil service system. • The Neo-Confucian philosophy - obedience of subject to ruler continued Qing 1644-1910

  19. Qing 1644-1910

  20. Religion • Neo-Confucianism important • Buddhism, Taoism and ancestor worship continue • Christianity grew rapidly until the outlawing of Christianity in the 1830s-40s

  21. Intellectual • European influences enter Chinese thinking • European liberalism emphasizing individualism, freedom, equality, and economic opportunity contradict Confucian ideals • Communism begins to enter Chinese thinking in late 1800s • Qing China does not modernize – focuses on the greatness of the past “the self strengthening movement” • the Europeans and Japanese gain trading concessions and some territory from China Qing 1644-1910

  22. Culture • Qing art is imitative rather than original since Qing value money and trade more than beauty (not good Confucians) • Chinese literary and historical preservation projects saving China's ancient literature • Porcelain - new colors: green black yellow, dark blue and brilliant red . Qing 1644-1910

  23. Economy • Built large public buildings and public irrigation, walls, gates and other infrastructure. • Light taxes to win popularity with people • Commerce and international trade grew enormously especially with Japan and Europe • Exported porcelain, Silk and spices through maritime trade and Silk Road

  24. Social • Han Chinese discriminated against • All Han men to wear their hair braided in the back in a queue and shave their foreheads, which they found humiliating • Males were favoured in society over women • Extended family and clans were important to society

  25. Internal Rebellions • White Lotus Rebellion – frustrated Buddhists attack government because of high taxes 1780s

  26. Peasant anger against Manchu • "Each year they [the Manchus] transform tens of millions of China's gold and silver into opium and extract several millions from the fat and marrow of the Chinese people and turn it into rouge and powder ... How could the rich not become poor? How could the poor abide by the law?” • Michael, Franz. The Taiping Rebellion, page 23. Qing 1644-1910

  27. Taiping Rebellion - 1840s • Chinese “brother of Jesus” recruits one million rebels and nearly takes out government before dying • mixed elements of Christianity and traditional Chinese religion, along with ideas of his own. • He believed in communal property, and the equality of men and women • 20-30 million dead Qing 1644-1910

  28. Taiping and Communism • Although pre-Communism the Taiping Rebellion foreshadowed it in several ways • Land was evenly distributed. • Outlawed all of the following: Slavery, Sale of women, foot-binding, prostitution, arranged marriages and polygamy. • The Taiping were also against use of opium, alcohol, and tobacco. • Over time, Taiping leaders began to violate most of these rules (especially alcohol and women) and their movement began to lose its loyal followers • Qing govt with help from western powers ended the Taiping movement to take over China Qing 1644-1910

  29. Europe and Early Qing • Portuguese, Dutch and British all have trading rights but are carefully controlled by Qing • Catholic missionaries build churches and challenge Confucianism • Christianity is banned in 1724 • Christians ignore the ban and continue to push into China during Qing

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