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Graphics Hardware Trends

graphics. CPU. network. performance. time. Graphics Hardware Trends. Faster development than Moore’s law Double transistor functions every 6-12 months Driven by game industry Improvement of performance and functionality Multi-textures

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Graphics Hardware Trends

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  1. graphics CPU network performance time Graphics Hardware Trends • Faster development than Moore’s law • Double transistor functions every 6-12 months • Driven by game industry • Improvement of performance and functionality • Multi-textures • Pixel operations (transparency, blending, pixel shaders) • Geometry and lighting modifications (vertex shaders)

  2. 9/02 3/03 Transistor Functions NVIDIA GeForce FX 5800 (125M) 120 110 ATI Radeon 9700 Pro (110M) 100 transistors (millions) 90 80 70 NVIDIA GeForce4 (63M) 60 50 NVIDIA GeForce3 (57M) ATI Radeon 8500 (60M) 40 30 Riva 128 (3M) 20 10 0 9/97 3/98 9/98 3/99 9/99 3/00 9/00 3/01 3/02 9/01 time (month/year)

  3. Brand Transistors Technology Clock rate Mem bandwidth Fill rate (peak) Pixel pipelines Textures per unit FSAA Bits per channel Tri transform (peak) Tris (3Dmark) Vertex shaders Typical GPU Characteristics ATI Radeon 9800 P 107 M 0.15 micron 380 MHz 22 GB/s 3 GPixel/s 8 8 6 x 18 Gsample/s 10 380 M 19 M 4 NVIDIA GeForceFX 5900 U 130 M 0.13 micron 450 MHz 27 GB/s 1.8/3.6 GPixel/s 4/8 16 4 x 27 Gsample/s 10 315 M 28 M 4+ Source: www.tomshardware.com

  4. Modern Scientific Visualization • Traditional plotting techniques are not appropriate for visualizing the huge datasets resulting from • computer simulations (CFD, physics, chemistry, ...) • sensor measurements (medical, seismic, satellite, …) • Map abstract data onto graphical representations • Try to use colorful 3D raster graphics in • expressive still images • recorded animations • interactive visualizations „The purpose of computing is insight not numbers“ „To see the unseen“

  5. sensors simulation data bases volume rend. isosurfaces stream ribbonstopology glyphs icons 3D filter raw data height fields color coding arrows LIC attribute symbols 2D 1D • geometry: • lines • surfaces • voxels • attributes: • color • texture • transparency map vis data scalar vector tensor/MV renderablerepresentations render visualizations images videos interaction Visualization Pipeline and Classification visualization pipeline classification different grid types  different algorithms trees, graphs, tables, data bases InfoVis 3D vector fields un/structured (eg. CFD) 3D scalar fields Cartesian(eg. medical datasets)

  6. GPU and Visualization Pipeline • Renderer • Texture-based techniques (e.g., for volume rendering) • Large textured terrain height fields • Mapper • Classification in volume rendering • Integrate ray segments (in unstructured volumes) • Integrate particle traces (in flow fields) • Assign color and transparency for NPR • Filtering • Data filtering in graphics memory • Compression/decompression (of textures)

  7. Visualization of Volumetric Data • Direct volume rendering of scalar fields • Flow visualization in 3D • Focus on regular grids

  8. Visualization of Volumetric Data

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