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The Return To Normalcy

The Return To Normalcy. John Ermer U.S. History Honors Miami Beach Senior High LACC.1112.RH.1.9, SS.912.A.5.1-10, SS.912.A.1-7, SS.912.G.1-3, SS.912.G.4-3. The Great War Ends. Many of Wilson’s promises of self determination fall flat

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The Return To Normalcy

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  1. TheReturn To Normalcy John Ermer U.S. History Honors Miami Beach Senior High LACC.1112.RH.1.9, SS.912.A.5.1-10, SS.912.A.1-7, SS.912.G.1-3, SS.912.G.4-3

  2. The Great War Ends • Many of Wilson’s promises of self determination fall flat • Russian Bolsheviks become competition in anti-colonial struggle • Treaty of Versailles rejected by U.S. Senate, “no” to League of Nations • Henry Cabot Lodge, chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee, fights treaty • Wilson campaigns for no changes to League Covenant, has a stroke • Economy enters post-war recession, rapid inflation from released price controls • Boston Police Strike, Mass. Gov. Calvin Coolidge sends National Guard • Steelworker’s Strike of 1919

  3. The Isolationist Myth • After WWI, many Americans favor isolationism, U.S. still connected • The Dawes Plan • Restructured German reparation payments, and Allied war debt • The Washington Naval Conference • 1921: Britain, France, Italy, U.S. and Japan agree to limit size of navies for ten years • The Kellogg-Briand Pact • Agreement between many nations to outlaw war • The London Naval Conference • 1930: Japan and Italy drop out of Washington agreement; Britain, France, and U.S. continue

  4. African American Demands • Expectations of equality not met after the war • Summer of 1919: race riots affect many industrial cities • NAACP calls for African-Americans to retaliate against violence • Marcus Garvey’s United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) • Develop “African Awareness” and reject assimilation into white society • Principle of African superiority and “Black Nationalism” • 1923: Indicted of fraud, deported to Jamaica

  5. The Red Scare • Violence breeds fear of instability and radicalism • Fear of communism after Russian Revolution and creation of Comintern • Comintern=Communist International to export communism around globe • Spring of 1919 bombings target businessmen and politicians • Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s home targeted • Antiradicalism & the Palmer Raids • Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover call series of raids on “radicals” • Sacco & Vanzetti Trial

  6. Returning to Normalcy • Heavy-handed government actions cause powerful backlash • Attorney General Palmer fired, Democratic Party damaged • American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) • Supreme Court vigorously defends freedom of unpopular speech • Women’s Suffrage and the end of Progressive Reforms • Maternity & Infancy Act of 1921 and Cable Citizenship Act of 1922 • Election of 1920: Cox vs. Harding • Harding campaigns on vague promise of a return to “normalcy”—wins

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