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International Writers’ Workshop

International Writers’ Workshop. Week 4 – Effective Transitions Dr. Erica Cirillo -McCarthy Assistant Director of Graduate and ADEP Writing. Today’s Presentation:. Consideration of audience—the need behind transitions How and When to use certain transitional devices

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International Writers’ Workshop

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  1. International Writers’ Workshop Week 4 – Effective Transitions Dr. Erica Cirillo-McCarthy Assistant Director of Graduate and ADEP Writing

  2. Today’s Presentation: • Consideration of audience—the need behind transitions • How and When to use certain transitional devices • Flow – what is it and how can I get it? • How careful consideration of transitional devices can develop flow • But first – any questions or concerns regarding last week’s workshop on ‘A, An, and The?’

  3. Why should writers use transitions? • Sometimes we write under a deadline or some other type of pressure and we don’t give ourselves enough time to step out of our head and consider the audience • The audience cannot read your mind; they can only read what’s in the text • It is ultimately the responsibility of the writer to make all connections clear to the audience • Remember: if your audience cannot understand the connections between ideas, sentences, paragraphs, then it is up to YOU to be more clear

  4. Transitional Devices are… • bridges between parts of your paper. • cues that help the reader to interpret ideas a paper develops. • words or phrases that help carry a thought from one sentence to another, from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to another. • Useful in linking sentences and paragraphs together smoothly so that there are no abrupt jumps or breaks between ideas.

  5. Transitional Devices: • To Add: • and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.) • To Compare: • whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true

  6. Transitional Devices, cont… • To Prove: • because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is • To Show Exception: • yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes • To Show Time: • immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then

  7. Transitional Devices, cont… • To Emphasize: • definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation • To Show Sequence: • first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon

  8. Transitional Devices, cont… • To Give an Example: • for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate • To Summarize or Conclude: • in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently

  9. Remember… • You choose a transitional device based on.. • The inherent relationship between ideas • The relationship YOU see between ideas and also want the reader to see • The explicit move YOU want your text to make

  10. Exercises! • Work independently on the transitional handouts

  11. What is “flow” and how do I get it? • Lots of times your professor wants you to revise for “flow.” • How do we define “flow?” What does it mean?

  12. Flow continued… • Flow is the articulated logical connections between ideas • Ideas, sentences, paragraphs can flow IF the relationship between them are clear to the audience • To revise for flow, look at the relationship between sentences – does each sentence follow the previous? Does it lead logically to the next? • How can transitional devices be used to better illustrate flow?

  13. Flow exercises

  14. Thank you! • Questions/ Discussion Works Referenced: Purdue OWL. Purdue University. Retrieved 10/12/2012. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/574/0 2/>

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