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PHYLUM NEMATODA

Presentations today: Derek/Travis Nick/Dustin Rachel/Arianne Erica/Jordan David/Dalton Colton/Taylor Katie/Dylan Dewayne/Ciera. PHYLUM NEMATODA. “The Roundworms”. Section 26.4 Summary– pages 711-713. Nematoda (Roundworms). widely distributed living in soil, animals, fresh and marine water.

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PHYLUM NEMATODA

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  1. Presentations today:Derek/TravisNick/DustinRachel/ArianneErica/JordanDavid/DaltonColton/TaylorKatie/DylanDewayne/Ciera

  2. PHYLUM NEMATODA “The Roundworms”

  3. Section 26.4 Summary– pages 711-713 Nematoda (Roundworms) • widely distributed • living in soil, animals, • fresh and marine water • Most are free-living • many are parasitic. Roundworm

  4. Nematoda (Roundworms) • tapered at both ends • no segments • thick outer covering = Cuticle • protects them in harsh environments • Stomach acid • Covering is shed 4 times as they grow. Tapered ends Round body shape

  5. Nematoda (Roundworms) • no circular muscles • lengthwise (longitudinal) muscles • one muscle contracts • another muscle extends • causes them to move in a thrashing motion from side to side

  6. Section 26.4 Summary– pages 711-713 Nematoda (Roundworms) • Have a pseudocoelom • simplest animals with a one way digestive tract – mouth to anus Intestine Anus Mouth Round body shape

  7. Section 26.4 Summary– pages 711-713 Nematoda (Roundworms) • Eyespots very reduced in parasitic roundworms. • Approximately half of species are parasites • about 50 species infect humans. Examples: Ascaris, Pinworms, Trichenella, and Hookworms

  8. Ascaris Section 26.4 Summary– pages 711-713 • the most common roundworm infection in humans • children infected more often than adults • Why? • Eggs in soil • enter through the mouth of humans Life Cycle-- • hatch in intestines • move into bloodstream • eventually to lungs • coughed up • swallowed • begin the cycle again.

  9. Pinworms • most common human roundworm parasites in U.S. • highly contagious • eggs can survive for up to two weeks on surfaces • live eggs ingested • mature in host’s intestinal tract • female pinworms exit host’s anus – itching! • lay eggs on nearby skin • eggs fall onto bedding or other surfaces • Reintroduced to intestine by mouth

  10. Section 26.4 Summary– pages 711-713 Trichinella • Trichinella causes a disease called “trichinosis” • Found in raw or undercooked meat • Can be sexually transmitted Trichinella

  11. Section 26.4 Summary– pages 711-713 Hookworms • common in humans in warm climates • Obtained when walking barefoot on contaminated soil • Hookworms cause people to feel weak and tired due to blood loss.

  12. Roundworm Parasites • Nematodes can infect and kill pine trees, cereal crops, and food plants such as potatoes. • They are particularly attracted to plant roots and cause a slow decline of the plant. • They also can infect fungi and can form symbiotic associations with bacteria that help plants obtain nitrogen from air • Nematodes also can be used to control pests • Life on Earth is very dependent on nematodes • Billions of nematodes in every one - symbiosis

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