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Group Formation

Group Formation. ( “FÅP”: First-year Project Course, ITU, Denmark ). Claus Brabrand [ brabrand@itu.dk ]. Outline for Today. Group Formation (09:00 – 12:00) : MBTI Results: ”general population vs. FAAP” Peer Assessment Technology Adoption and ”Diffusion Theory” Group Formation !

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Group Formation

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  1. Group Formation ( “FÅP”: First-year Project Course, ITU, Denmark) Claus Brabrand [ brabrand@itu.dk ]

  2. Outline for Today • Group Formation (09:00 – 12:00): • MBTI Results: ”general population vs. FAAP” • Peer Assessment • Technology Adoption and ”Diffusion Theory” • Group Formation ! • Group Exercises • White-box Testing (13:00 – 16:00): • Lecture • Exercises

  3. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator • Introversion vs. Extraversion ("attitudes") • I: internal world (concepts/ideas/reflect), energy from timeout, [think;act] • E: external world (people/action/things), energy from action, [act;think] • Sensing vs. iNtuition("irrational functions", applied to 'data' received) • S: "concrete", trust information in present, details / facts, [meaning ~ data] • N: "abstract", trust theories, [meaning ~ pattern, theory, or wider context] • Feeling vs. Thinking ("decision making functions", for rational choices) • F: associated decisions: empathize with situation, [inside perspective] • T: dissociated decisions: logical/causes/consistent, [outside perspective] • Judging vs. Perceiving ("lifestyle", relates to how to get things done) • J: come to decision, clear plan, start in good time, ["inflexible"] • P: leave matters open, await or postpone decisions, ["too flexible"] [ cf. wikipedia for more info ] [Carl G. Jung, 1920]

  4. Putting People into 16 Boxes S N J ISTJ ( Inspector ) ISFJ ( Protector ) INFJ ( Counselor ) INTJ ( Mastermind ) I P ISTP ( Crafter ) ISFP ( Composer ) INFP ( Healer ) INTP ( Architect ) ESTP ( Promoter ) ESFP ( Performer ) ENFP ( Champion ) ENTP ( Inventor ) E J ESTJ ( Supervisor ) ESFJ ( Provider ) ENFJ ( Teacher ) ENTJ ( Field Marshal ) T F T

  5. Introversion vs. Extroversion Introversion Extroversion FÅP: POP: [cf. wikipedia]

  6. Sensing vs. iNtuition Sensing iNtuition FÅP: POP: ! [cf. wikipedia]

  7. Feeling vs. Thinking Feeling Thinking FÅP: POP: [cf. wikipedia]

  8. Judging vs. Perceiving Judging Perceiving FÅP: POP: [cf. wikipedia]

  9. Artisans / Crafters (SP) Sensing Perceivers: • Fun-loving, optimistic, focused on present • Daring, unconventional, bold, impulsive, and spontaneous.  • Want recognition and seek attention • Entertainers ! POP: FÅP: [cf. wikipedia]

  10. Idealists / Catalysts (NF) iNtuitive Feelers: • Enthusiastic, trust their intuition, seek their true self, prize meaningful relationships  • Kindhearted and authentic, dislike conflict • Giving, trusting, spiritual • Passionately concerned with personal growth & ethics • Mentors and advocates ! POP: FÅP: [cf. wikipedia]

  11. Guardians / Stabilizers (SJ) Sensing Judgers: • Dependable, loyal, helpful, hard-working • Follow rules, trust authority, and cooperate with others • Prefer structure and order, and focus on credentials and traditions • Stabilizing leaders • Administrators ! POP: FÅP: [cf. wikipedia]

  12. Rationals / Strategists (NT) iNtuitive Thinkers: • Inventors, coordinators, and competent planners • Trust logic, independent, and strong willed • Outspoken, don’t care about political correctness • Skeptical of others, confident of themselves • Yearn for achievement, want to understand how the world works • Strategic leaders ! POP: FÅP: [cf. wikipedia]

  13. Homogenous: 1n = 1 :) Heterogenous: Innovation && Structure Plan && Implementation Action && Thought User- && Technical-focus Group Formation … Diversity: “more inputs" “More inputs"

  14. Considerations (Group Formation) • Considerations; e.g.: • a) Balance Introverts and Extroverts: • Too many intros  few discussions / limited exchange • Too many extros  Blah blah blah… • b) Avoid ”strategist-strategist” clashes: • More likely to ”clash” • c) Balance heterogeneously wrt. ”MBTI” and ”VARK” • Many different inputs • d) Avoid ”old group mates” in same group • Learn to work with ”new people” • Avoid sub-groups (aka, cliques)

  15. Peer Assessment Advice for you(r group)

  16. Peer Assessment Questions • Answer all eight questions for each person (going around the table): • Give opportunity to air problems • Give feedback on how others perceive you(r behavior) • In meetings, have I: • 1. Dominated the meetings • 2.Come unprepared • 3. Not participated actively

  17. Peer Assessment Q. (cont’d) • My workload, have I: • 4. Carried my load fairly & w/ quality • 5. Taken over other members’ tasks without being asked • In communicating, have I: • 6. Really listened to others • 7. Shared info needed by team • 8. Responded to emails promptly

  18. Technology Adoption and Diffusion Theory ”Tech people” vs. General population

  19. Tech Adoption: Diffusion Theory: Diffusion Theory: Technology Adoption

  20. ”Innovators” (aka. Pioneers) Innovators (Pioneers): • Like adventure • Seek the new • Daring • Risk-taker • Can cope with failure • Spends time alone or other innovators

  21. ”Early Adopters” Early Adopters: • Part of local social system • Opinion is valued • Systematic decisions on innovations • Reasonable risk tolerance

  22. ”Early Majority” Early Majority: • Frequently interact with peers • Rarely opinion leader, but will follow • Need some encouragement (perceived usefulness) • Moderate risk tolerance (assumes safer in large numbers)

  23. ”Late Majority” Late Majority: • Skeptical of anything new • Needs peer pressure and economic incentive to adopt (perceived value) • Does not like any risk

  24. ”Non Adopters” Non Adopters: • Will not adopt unless mandated • Will give all kinds of excuses to defend staying with old • Traditionalist; prefers to interact with other traditionalists

  25. Population vs. ”Tech People”

  26. Implications (for IT people) • Sandra’s conclusions (for IT people): • IT cannot: • Solve problems for users, if developers cannot see things from other viewpoints (dissociate from own perspective) • Expect everyone to be as logical and structured • IT teams need: • Team training (BPRO :-) • More practice on communication (BPRO :-) • Extra support, not extra control • More clarity on expectations (and fewer assumptions)

  27. The Groups are…

  28. White Christian H. Martina Tobias Stina

  29. Yellow Jonas Oddfridur Søren Vincens

  30. Orange Casper F. F. Kasper V. Lasse Samuel

  31. Red Casper V. Marco Morten Nikolas

  32. Green Benjamin Jeppe Simon Thomas

  33. Blue Joachim Kasper N. Martin Niclas

  34. Brown Hjalte Lise Loa Nick

  35. Black Anders Christian P. N. Kenneth Michael Tim

  36. Conflict Behavior Patterns • Conflict behavior patterns:

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