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Understanding Chloroplasts: Energy Production and Photosynthesis in Plants

Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells and some bacteria that enable the process of photosynthesis. These vital structures convert sunlight into chemical energy, allowing autotrophic organisms like green plants to create their own food. This process is essential for the survival of most ecosystems, providing energy-rich compounds that support life. Additionally, chloroplasts play a role in the synthesis of organic materials necessary for cell function. Understanding chloroplasts is key to grasping how energy flows through biological systems.

edan-odonnell
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Understanding Chloroplasts: Energy Production and Photosynthesis in Plants

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  1. http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.htmlhttp://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html ENERGY & LIFE8-1 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

  2. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember! _____________ can make their own food usingenergy from sunlight. AUTOTROPHS Ex: Green plants, a few bacteria http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~tstork/compass.rose/photosynthesis/chloro_sun_bathing.gif

  3. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember! HETEROTROPHS __________________ get energy by consumingother organisms Ex: Animals, fungi, most bacteria http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

  4. Remember! WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? 1. ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMPEndocytosis Exocytosis Images: http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html Animation from:

  5. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? 2. Movement 3. Synthesis of biomolecules 4.Reproduction Meiosis: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/anm/ Cilia: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe Replication: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4c.asp Transcription:http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gif Translation:

  6. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember! ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE is used by cells to store and transport ENERGY ATP Image by: Riedell

  7. CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY 3 ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS ATP = __________________________ Adenosine triphosphate

  8. ATP can change into ADP 2 ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS ADP = __________________________ Adenosine diphosphate

  9. http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.htmlhttp://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP ATP→ ____ + ____ + ADP

  10. Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. STORE The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ FOODS GLUCOSE It’s like recharging the battery ! ADP+ ___ + ________ → ___ ATP

  11. ATP is useful BUT . . . NOT LARGE ATP is great for TRANSFERRING ENERGY, but _____ good for storing ________ amounts of energy for the ______________. A single molecule of GLUCOSE stores more than _________the chemical energy. Cells only keep enough ATP around to last a few seconds and recharge it by burning___________. LONG TERM 90 times glucose http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  12. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember! CARBOHYDRATES containCarbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen (with a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O) Example: GLUCOSE C6H12O6 C-C and C-H bonds are HIGH ENERGY bonds! Image from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  13. MONOSACCHARIDESSingle sugar molecules C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html C5H10O5

  14. Remember! CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs Images from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  15. CARBOHYDRATES are building blocks for other molecules ATP DNA & RNA POLYSACCHARIDES http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html ATP by Riedell http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/biochemistry_notes_bi_ch3.htm

  16. Remember! Section 2-3 Starch Glucose

  17. Molecules made by joining MANY sugar molecules together are called ___________________ POLYSACCHARIDES EXAMPLES: Image from: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif

  18. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY GLYCOGEN is the way _________ cells store GLUCOSE to use later. ANIMAL Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif

  19. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY STARCH is the way _______ cells store GLUCOSE for later. PLANT Images from: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif http://oregonstate.edu/instruction/bb450/stryer/ch21/Slide24.jpg

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