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The Mole a Review

The Mole a Review. CFISD Chemistry EOC Prep. Terms to describe more than one of something…. 1 Dozen = 12 of something. More terms to describe more than one of something…. 1 Stone= 14 pounds (140 lbs =10 stones). 1 ream = 500 sheets of paper. 1 cubic yard (y 3 ) = 27 ft 3 of stuff.

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The Mole a Review

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  1. The Mole a Review CFISD Chemistry EOC Prep

  2. Terms to describe more than one of something… 1 Dozen = 12 of something

  3. More terms to describe more than one of something… 1 Stone= 14 pounds (140 lbs =10 stones) 1 ream = 500 sheets of paper 1 cubic yard (y3) = 27 ft3 of stuff 1 yard

  4. Science prefixes to describe more than one of something… • 1 Liter = 1000 mL • 1 gram = 1000 mg • 1 m = 100 cm Liters grams moles meters seconds

  5. In chemistry, the most important term used to describe more than one of something and/or how much matter we have is the….. Mole

  6. What’s a Mole? 1 mole = 6.02 X 10 23 particles Formula Units Ions Atoms Molecules 6.02 x 1023 particles

  7. What is an atom? Smallest particle of an element that maintains the identity (#protons) of that element. C Carbon-12 C C 12 6 1s22s22p2 or [He]2s22p2

  8. What is a molecule? particles that contain one or more covalently bonded (nonmetal) atoms. CO2 molecule H H O=C=O Hydrogen molecule (diatomic)

  9. What is a formula unit? • the lowest ratio of cations (metals) to anions (nonmetals) in a neutral compound. NaCl

  10. What is an ion? BaCl2 1 Ba+2 + 2 Cl-1 • formed when an atom gains or loses an electron(s) • anion (-) cation (+) polyatomic ion ( + or -) • combine to form ionic compounds (metals and nonmetals) Formula Units Ba3(PO4)2 3 Ba+2 + 2 PO4-3

  11. Let’s Practice: • Name each substance and identify the types of particle present in the sample by placing an X in the corresponding box. • Pause the presentation to give yourself time to work prior to moving on.

  12. Check your answers:

  13. How can we determine how many moles of matter we have in a sample of matter? We know… • particles are too small to be counted by hand…. • we can measure mass and volume……. • the relationships between moles and mass an moles and volume. 6.02 x 1023 particles

  14. Molar Mass: mass of one mole Molar mass Equivalent amounts of Silicon 28.1 g Si = 1 mole Si = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms Si 6.02 x 1023 particles Molar Mass

  15. Molar Mass of Hydrogen Gas-H2 2 H 2(1.0g)= 2.0 g 2.0g H2 = 1 mole H2 = 6.02 x 1023 H2 molecules *Since there are 2 hydrogen atoms in each molecule, we could determine the number of hydrogen atoms by.. 2(6.02 x 1023) = 1.20 x 1024 hydrogen atoms

  16. Molar Mass of Mg(OH)2 1 Mg 1(24.3g) = 24.3 g 2 02(16.0g)= 32.0 g 2 H2(1.0g) = 2.0 g Mg(OH)2 = 58.3 g 58.3g Mg (0H)2 = 1 mole Mg(0H)2 = 6.02 x 1023Mg(0H)2 formula units *Since there are 2 hydroxide ions in each formula unit, we could determine the number of hydroxide ions by.. 2(6.02 x 1023) = 1.20 x 1024 hydroxide ions.

  17. Let’s Practice: • Determine the molar mass of each substance to the 10th place. • Pause the presentation to give yourself time to work prior to moving on.

  18. Check your answers:

  19. mass-mole-particle problems • Identify equivalent relationships for that substance • Write ratios using number given in the problem and equivalents • Solve: unit on answer, sig. fig or round Given = X (?) EquivEquiv

  20. Determine the number of moles in 48 g of hydrogen gas. Express your answer to 2 significant figures. 48g H2 X moles H2 Given 48 g H2 = X moles H2 Equivalents 2.0 g H2 1 mole H2 6.02 x 1023 2.0g H2 = 1 mole H2 = 6.02 x 1023 H2 molecules 1 mole x 48 g H2= X moles H2 x 1 mole 2.0 g H2 1 mole H2 Mole 6.02 x 1023 particles Molar Mass Answer: X = 24 moles of H2

  21. Determine the number of hydrogen molecules in 48 g of hydrogen gas. Express your answer to 3 significant figures. 48g H2 X molecules H2 48 g H2 = X molecules H2 2.0 g H2 6.02 x 1023 molecules H2 2.0g H2 = 1 mole H2 = 6.02 x 1023 H2 molecules 6.02 x 1023molecules H2 x 48 g = X molecules x 6.02 x 1023 molecules 2.0 g 6.02 x 1023 molecules H2 Answer: X = 1.44 x 1025 molecules of H2

  22. Determine the mass of 3.6 x 10 24 formula units of Mg(OH)2. Express your answer to 2 significant figures. X g Mg(OH)23.6 x 1024fm Given 3.6 x 1024fm = X g Equivalents 6.02 x 1023fm 58.3 g 58.3g Mg (0H)2 = 1 mole Mg(0H)2 = 6.02 x 1023Mg(0H)2 formula units 58.3 g x 3.6 x 1024fm = X g x 58.3 g 6.02 x 1023fm 58.3 g calcualtor : X = 348.63 g of Mg(OH)2 Correct Answer x = 350 g of Mg(OH)2

  23. Molar Volume: volume of one mole of any ideal gas at STP. 22.4 L

  24. Mole Equivalents so far… 22.4 L Molar Volume = = = 2.0 g H2 = 22.4 L H2 = 1 mole H2 = 6.02 x 1023 H2molecules Mole 6.02 x 1023 particles Molar Mass

  25. Determine the volume in liters of 1.0 g of H2 gas at STP. Express your answer to 3 significant figures. 1.0 g H2 X Liters H2 Given 1.0 g H2 = X L H2 Equivalents 2.0 g H2 22.4 L H2 2.0 g H2 = 22.4 L H2 = 1 mole H2 = 6.02 x 1023 H2 molecules 22.4 L H2x 1.0 g H2= X L H2 x 22.4 L 2.0 g H2 22.4 L H2 Answer: X = 11.2 Liters of H2

  26. Molarity: concentration of a solution Liters of Solution x Molarity = moles of solute x Liters of solutions Liter of Solution MV=mol • Liters of Solution = Volume • Volume x Molarity = moles of solute • VM = mol of solute

  27. Advanced Level QuestionDetermine the #molecules of C6H12O6 present in 2.0 L of 0.1 M C6H12O6 solution to 2 sig figs. VM =Mole (2.0)(0.1)= 0.2molesC6H12O6 X molecules C6H12O6 Given 0.2 mole C6H12O6= X molecules C6H12O6 Equivalents 1.0 mole C6H12O6 6.02 x 10 23 Molecules C6H12O6 180g C6H12O6= 1 mole C6H12O6 = 6.02 x 1023 C6H12O6 molecules 6.02 x 1023molec x 0.2 moles C6H12O6= X molec C6H12O x 6.02 x 1023molec 1 mole C6H12O6 6.02 x 1023molec C6H12O6 Answer: X = (1.204) or 1.2 x 1023 molecules

  28. Mole Equivalents so far… 22.4 L Molar Volume = = = VM=mol 2.0 g H2 = 22.4 L H2 = 1 mole H2 = 6.02 x 1023 H2molecules Mole 6.02 x 1023 particles Molar Mass

  29. Web References for images used in this presentation (retrieved on 4/13/13. • Basketball and 22.4 L http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~jparadis/chem2045/pictures/22L.gif&imgrefurl=http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~jparadis/chem2045/chapter10.html&h=147&w=219&sz=27&tbnid=ogJOpxu6GCTuOM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=125&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpictures%2Bof%2B22.4%2Bliter%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=pictures+of+22.4+liter&usg=__pbaUf2wjX6a1QCS3o4osovMNDwY=&docid=HnBP11ioonyqcM&sa=X&ei=3etqUYT3EpLH0gHq6oHQCg&ved=0CDIQ9QEwAA&dur=805 • Yellow balloon: http://www.google.com/search?q=yellow+balloon&client=safari&rls=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=j-xqUZTiEseQ0QGJ44DQCw&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAQ&biw=1440&bih=1027#imgrc=RnZz087BUeKrhM%3A%3Br5ITN3_h5rYk8M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimages2.wikia.nocookie.net%252F__cb20100827193456%252Fclubpenguin%252Fimages%252F3%252F37%252FYellow_Balloon_Pin.PNG%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fclubpenguin.wikia.com%252Fwiki%252FList_of_Pins%3B647%3B678 • Millimole: http://www.google.com/search?q=millimole&client=safari&rls=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=yOxqUdHIIKre0gHd7oD4Bw&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAQ&biw=1440&bih=1027#imgrc=XGyh4GH4vmgjHM%3A%3BX1Qjwmj7WBBNfM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcen.acs.org%252Fcontent%252Fcen%252Farticles%252F89%252Fi43%252FChemistsHoliday-Indestructible-Data%252F_jcr_content%252Farticlebody%252Fsubpar%252Farticlemedia_0.img.jpg%252F1337102404241.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcen.acs.org%252Farticles%252F89%252Fi43%252FChemistsHoliday-Indestructible-Data.html%3B250%3B363 • Periodic table: http://www.google.com/search?q=periodic+table+image&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=6OxqUcPkA83h0wHw14DABQ&ved=0CDAQsAQ&biw=1440&bih=1027#imgrc=SBmm9sVgZp9MEM%3A%3BdALekFEoH5_lJM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fscienceshowoff.files.wordpress.com%252F2012%252F04%252Fperiodic-table-sso-sheet11.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fscienceshowoff.wordpress.com%252F2012%252F04%252F04%252Fthe-periodic-table-of-science-showoff-is-this-everyone-so-far%252F%3B1271%3B656 • Purple flask: http://www.google.com/search?q=purple+flask+image&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=JO1qUZq5EoSQ0QHnroDwBQ&ved=0CDAQsAQ&biw=1440&bih=1027#imgrc=h7SivimwYPRtTM%3A%3BwYmQQuW75HtRCM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Fthumb%252Ff%252Ff1%252FConical_flask_purple.svg%252F120px-Conical_flask_purple.svg.png%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcommons.wikimedia.org%252Fwiki%252FFile%253AConical_flask_purple.svg%3B120%3B120 • Cubic yard: http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cubic+yard+image&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=w0Gch7gTHE_6mM&tbnid=uqJfNRmSGhjnHM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fzanateh%2F4515124645%2F&ei=2e1qUbHLLbC-0QHKq4GQCg&bvm=bv.45175338,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNHEtQDxpQ11StN00HoM5PxCaYACWQ&ust=1366048602181785 • Ream of Paper: http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ream+of+paper&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Y60ii69orYVCyM&tbnid=m3ezUv6o5oAxDM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.staples.com%2FDomtar-Earthchoice-Office-Paper-11-x17-Ream%2Fproduct_755068&ei=N-5qUY2cA-LD0QHM84HwBw&bvm=bv.45175338,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGhH70tDfLrs6WLGTWCUq2jf6NLCA&ust=1366048695458617 • Stone: http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=scales+and+weight+and+british&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=H_YPOIYCpPszNM&tbnid=Su5-v-VUlOhE7M:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fgiventodistractingothers.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fsalter-best-of-british-review.html&ei=Lu9qUa7eEdLA4AOJ54GwDQ&bvm=bv.45175338,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNG3YbWuWUvR9KY1QbdRsDyPTuokFw&ust=1366048942723534 • Eggs: http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=egg+carton&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=mLs9LFCNzzI7KM&tbnid=qp4du8xGzQy3bM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strombergschickens.com%2Fproduct%2Fegg-cartons-250%2Fegg-selling&ei=CPBqUfc5lcngA_W9gOAI&bvm=bv.45175338,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNFTO2PeEtDcliTrJp_VL4mXtBroOg&ust=1366049160452595 • Chemistry EOC Reference: www.tea.state.tx.us/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier...Share

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