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Changing Needs… Really ?. Kentaro Toyama Visiting Scholar University of California, Berkeley Economic and Social Council 2011 High-Level Segment United Nations – Geneva – July 8, 2011. Can you tell the difference?.
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Changing Needs… Really? Kentaro Toyama Visiting Scholar University of California, Berkeley Economic and Social Council 2011 High-Level Segment United Nations – Geneva – July 8, 2011
Can you tell the difference? Photos: Kentaro Toyama, http://www.livemint.com/images/4D7256D8-409A-41F2-B368-249442FEAB12ArtVPF.gif
Technology in Education Believed to be... • Good • Transformational • Necessary Worries about... • “Digital Divide” • Falling behind Photo: Udai Pawar
Technology Is Not Always Good Technology requires ongoing support • Cost • Cost • Cost • Training • Maintenance • Infrastructure • Curriculum integration Technology distracts • Students • Teachers • Administrators Technology can lead to dependence, addiction, inability to focus Photo credit: Rajesh Veeraraghavan
Research Shows Mixed Impact • Mark Warschauer et al. (USA) • PCs amplify existing inequalities • Leigh Linden et al. (India, Peru) • PCs don’t substitute for teachers • PCs rarely cost-effective • Ana Santiago et al. (Peru) • Mixed results with OLPC • Todd Oppenheimer (USA) • Technology distracts from real education • Larry Cuban, Mike Trucano, Wayan Vota, Ofer Malamud, etc.
Good Education is Possible With Little Technology Finland • 1st out of 57 countries • OECD’s PISA (2003, 2006) • Science, math, reading • “Back to basics” approach • Limited technology • Blackboards, overhead projectors • Computer labs only for computer classes • No mobile phones, iPods in class • Hi-tech workforce • Linux • Nokia Same as mid-1900s USA, Japan, Germany, England, France, etc. Photo credit: Sanna Schildt
“21st Century Education” No different than good 20th century education! Ensure foundation first! • Administration and teachers • Foundational curriculum • Measurable student achievement Technology cannot substitute for Institutional foundation. Technology then helpful for • Computer literacy • Programming • Targeted applications Photo credit: Joyojeet Pal
Can you tell the difference? Technology consumer Income: $1,200 Technology producer Income: $16,000+
Thank you! Photo: Kentaro Toyama kentaro_toyama@hotmail.com http://www.kentarotoyama.org