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Understanding Hinduism: Beliefs, Deities, Caste System, and Social Structure

Hinduism, the predominant religion in India, is characterized by polytheism, reverence for nature, and principles of nonviolence. Hindus believe in reincarnation and karma, where actions in this life influence the next. Major deities include Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer. The caste system stratifies society into four main categories: Brahmans (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaisyas (merchants), and Sudras (laborers), with untouchables at the bottom. In 1949, untouchables gained equal rights, marking a significant societal change.

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Understanding Hinduism: Beliefs, Deities, Caste System, and Social Structure

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  1. India’s Religious Traditions Hinduism

  2. Hinduism • Major religion in India (83%) • Polytheistic = worship many gods • Believe in nonviolence & respect nature • Believe in reincarnation = rebirth of the soul in various forms • Believe in Karma = every deed in this life affects a person’s fate in a future life. (What goes around comes around.)

  3. 3 Main Hindu Gods • Brahma = creator • Vishnu = preserver • Siva (Shiva) = destroyer

  4. Brahma the Creator

  5. Vishnu the Preserver

  6. Siva the Destroyer

  7. The Caste System • a strict system of social classes. • established at birth • each has a traditional job • friendship & marriage rarely exist between different castes

  8. Four Main Categories • Brahmans = priests or scholars • Kshatriyas = rulers or warriors • Vaisyas = merchants or professionals • Sudras = laborers & servants

  9. Dharma • Duties & obligations. (Guide of conduct - how you should act.) • Each caste has its own dharma

  10. Untouchables • lowest caste, held jobs that were thought of as “impure,” dealing with hair, leather or blood. • 1949 - untouchables were given equal rights

  11. Untouchables

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