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Principles of Pest Management

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Principles of Pest Management

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    1. Chapter 1 Principles of Pest Management

    2. Right of Way Areas Highways Utility areas Pumping stations Drainage ways Railroads, airports Paths and trails

    6. Right of Way IPM Components Pest identification Monitoring Site specific requirements Development & implementation of control strategies Evaluation of effectiveness

    7. Record Keeping Control measures, dates Pesticides & related info ID of crew & equipment Environmental conditions

    8. Pest Management Techniques Biological control Cultural control Mechanical control Chemical control

    11. Cultural Controls Time of planting Nurse crops Controlled burning Mulching Shading Sanitation

    12. Mechanical Control Mechanical / manual Mowing, trimming, cutting mowing height must control weed plants and encourage desired vegetation

    13. Chemical Control Flexibility Brown out Timing.. Limited Public Perceptions

    14. Site Requirements & Pest Species Will help to determine pesticide to use application technique timing equipment selection mixing rate and additives

    16. Environmental Concerns Wetlands are critical sensitive to chemicals Use extreme care to avoid exposing wetlands and surface waters to pesticides use a anti-back flow device

    17. Chapter 2 Weed Plants and Trees

    19. Developmental Stages Seedling Vegetative Seed Production Maturity

    20. Plant Types Annual summer winter Biennial Perennial

    21. Plant Classification Grasses monocots, fibrous root system, growth point at soil surface, annual or perennial Sedges similar to grasses, triangular stems, perennial

    22. Plant Classification Herbaceous broadleaves annual, biennial, perennial net like venation dicots diverse growth points underground reproductive systems

    23. Plant Classification Vines Brush & trees Ferns spore reproduction, rhizomes Parasitic seed plants dodder

    24. Aquatic Plant Classification Emergent Floating Submergent Algae

    45. Chapter 3 Herbicides & Weeds

    47. Factors Affecting Herbicidal Action Herbicidal action characteristics Plant characteristics Climatic factors

    48. Herbicidal Action Characteristics Foliage or root absorbed Contact or translocated Persistent or non- persistent Selective or Non- selective

    49. Plant Characteristics Growing points Leaf shape Wax & cuticle Leaf hairs

    50. Plant Characteristics Deactivation Stage in life cycle Timing of stages in life cycle

    51. Climatic Factors Relative humidity Light Precipitation Wind Temperatures Length of growing season

    52. Temperature Inversions Ground air cooler than air above Can suspend pesticide particles Particles can move to non- target areas

    53. Selective Herbicides Foliage spraying Basal spraying Granular or pellet Spotgun Cut surface

    55. Low Volume Ground Foliage Treatment 10 to 100 gal per acre Not treated to point of runoff Higher concentration of active ingredient Faster coverage Drift can be major concern

    56. High Volume Ground Foliage Treatments Herbicide concentration rather than rate per acre Spray to drip Larger volumes of mix Herbicide amount will vary considerably

    57. Aerial Application Helicopters used most often Pilot must be certified in right-of-way aerial application Commonly used in rough terrain

    59. Basal Spray Methods Conventional basal spraying spray to wet or run down fuel oil carrier lower concentrations losing popularity cost odor

    60. Basal Spray Methods Low Volume Basal Spraying more concentrated not sprayed to wet light & compact equipment more like spray painting

    61. Granular Application Broadcast Directed

    62. Spotgun Liquid herbicide applied to a spot in the root zone area. Similar to a granular stem treatment More effective in sparse vegetation fewer risks to non- target plants

    63. Cut Surface Treatments Cut stump, frilling, hack & squirt, girdling Errors too much chemical improper girdling or frilling applying too close to desirable vegetation

    65. Factors Affecting Non- Selective Herbicides Soils Moisture Vegetation types Soil microorganisms

    66. Non- Selective Herbicides Keep away from root zones of desirable plants Do not apply to frozen ground Be careful of residual herbicides on slopes Use low pressure Choose non- corrosive materials

    67. Other Chemicals Defoliant removes foliage Dessicant dries foliage Plant growth regulator affects some aspect of plant development-

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