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Devastating Diabetes

Devastating Diabetes. TechXplore 2008-2009, sponsored by the National Science & Technology Education Partnership (NSTEP) http://www.nstep-online.org/ Bergen County Academies (High School) Hackensack, NJ 07601 Facilitator: Mrs. Evelyn Rios Mentors: Mr. Steven Phillips, Touro University

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Devastating Diabetes

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  1. Devastating Diabetes TechXplore 2008-2009, sponsored by the National Science & Technology Education Partnership (NSTEP) http://www.nstep-online.org/ Bergen County Academies (High School) Hackensack, NJ 07601 Facilitator: Mrs. Evelyn Rios Mentors: Mr. Steven Phillips, Touro University Dr. Robert Pergolizzi, Bergen County Academies

  2. Presentation We presented our idea and project to our class and received their feedback through a survey.

  3. Problem • Diabetes is a serious disease. Approximately 15 to 16 million people in the United States are known to have diabetes. Furthermore, an estimated 8 million American adults have undiagnosed diabetes. • Over 18,000 youth were diagnosed with diabetes within one year, and diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. • http://www.diabetes.org/about-diabetes.jsp • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetes.html • http://www.fda.gov/opacom/lowlit/diabetes.html • http://www.noah-health.org/en/endocrine/diabetes/ • http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/diabetes.html

  4. Problem Diabetes occurs when the pancreas produces little or no insulin; therefore, diabetes patients have to take insulin shots. Any complications due to too low insulin levels in the bloodstream can be potentially fatal for the patient. http://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_basics/dictionary/diabetes_mellitus.html

  5. Problem http://www.topnews.in/health/files/diabetes_0.jpg Regular monitoring is an important element of a diabetic’s care. Diabetes patients undergo the pain of having to prick themselves in order to read there blood glucose level.

  6. Solution • Three Solutions: 1. Growing cell culture that are trained to produce insulin and also detect whether or not a person has a high or low glucose level. Microchips will be implanted into the cell so that they will be able to detect the different levels. 2. A pill with a sensor implanted in will be swallowed by Diabetic patients. This sensor will absorb into the blood and cling onto a blood capillary. This sensor will contain information for reading glucose levels. When there is a detection of high or low glucose level, the sensor will alert the patient by pressing against the blood vessel. This force will internally make the diabetic patient aware that they need insulin.

  7. Solution 3. Our idea is to make a sensor, a nanoparticle, made of polymers that can easily detect insulin levels in the body. It will be placed into the body, and if it detects too little insulin, it will release some of its stored insulin into the bloodstream, thus avoiding any hassle and life-threatening complications. Moreover this sensor responds on a portable monitor. The diabetic patient can either read the glucose levels on the monitor, or the monitor can speak to the diabetic patient. (For patients with impaired vision.) http://www.hanselman.com/blog/content/binary/WindowsLiveWriter/TheFirst12HoursTheMedtronicMinimedParadi_13645/CIMG58916.jpg

  8. Design

  9. Lessons Learned • We learned how to work with an outside mentor and outside industry to help with creating a product. • Working together, we experienced difficulties in getting organized and assigning specific jobs. We learned to get communicate and do what we had to to get the job done. • We learned how to research properly and use different databases to get successful information. • We became more familiar with the application of how to make a successful PowerPoint. • We learned more information about diabetes which broadened our minds.

  10. Mentor Bio: Mr. Steven Phillips • He teaches in the Graduate Education and Psychology Programs. • Prior to teaching, he practiced health psychology in a multidisciplinary medical setting. Health Psychology views illness and wellness through a Biopsychosocial LensBiological systems, psychological processes and social influences. It is really mind-body medicine. • For more than 20 years, he counseled patients with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), a.k.a. Type 1 Diabetes, and Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), a.k.a. Type II Diabetes.

  11. Mentor Bio: Dr. Robert Pergolizzi • Dr. Robert Pergolizzi was recently recruited from the Department of Genetic Medicine at Weill Cornell in New York City, where he performed gene therapy and stem cell research for the past six years. • He has an extensive publication record, with over seventy publications in top-tier scientific journals. He was involved in formal teaching of classical genetics and genetic medicine to medical students, and was awarded the prestigious “Excellence in Teaching” Award by Cornell University. • Dr. Pergolizzi was the Director of a National Gene Vector Lab at Cornell, one of five in the country funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. His research at Cornell focused on curing genetic diseases by using genes as medicine and development of novel methods to deliver genes that are too large or too toxic for conventional gene transfer vectors. He developed a technique, called “Segmental Trans-splicing” which permits the delivery of such genes in pieces for intracellular reassembly and expression. This research has been published in Nature Medicine, Molecular Therapy and Cancer Research, and has received much international attention. This strategy is being used by other researchers, in major NIH-funded program projects on cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. He also directed several projects involving embryonic stem cells, to develop these powerful cells as an alternative treatment modality for human disease. • Prior to his work at Weill Cornell, Dr. Pergolizzi was Director of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy for the North Shore-Long island Jewish Health System for fourteen years, where his lab developed tests for genetic diseases, including a patented test which could identify carriers of the gene for the fragile-X syndrome for the first time. He directed a highly successful NIH-funded program for minority students, aimed at encouraging them to pursue careers in science and medicine. He designed and built a GMP Gene Therapy Lab and fully implemented FDA regulations and validation, thus permitting the products of the lab to be used in human clinical trials. • He received the PhD degree from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Columbia University, and then did a post-doctoral fellowship in Human Genetics and Development at the same institution. During that period, he had the opportunity to teach molecular biology to gifted high school students in the Science Honors Program sponsored by the National Science Foundation, an extremely positive experience that formed the basis for his interest in teaching at the Bergen County Academies today.

  12. Team • Bhasha M. • AMST Class of 2011 • PowerPoint creator/editor, survey creator, researcher for problem and solution, mentor interaction specialist • Neil J. • AMST Class of 2011 • Design creator, researcher for problem and solution • Augustina M. • AMST Class of 2011 • Surveyer, written report writer, PowerPoint editor, researcher for problem and solution • Ewelina G. • AMST Class of 2011 • Surveyer, lessons learned writer, researcher for problem and solution

  13. Assessment: Survey 1.     Do you think this product is a possible solution for this problem realistically? 84.62% Yes              15.38% No 2.     Have you ever heard of such a product in existence? 0 % Yes          100% No 3.     Would you think our product would be successful as a good medical solution to patients with Type I Diabetes? 76.92% Yes              23.08% No       4.     Do you think this product is necessary and essential for patients with Type I Diabetes? 61.54% Yes              38.46% No 5.     Have you ever heard of nanotechnology? 92.31% Yes              7.69% No 6.     Have you ever heard of injecting and placing nanoparticles into the body? 76.92% Yes              23.08% No 7.     If you were a Type I Diabetes patient, would you participate in a clinical trial to test this product? 30.77% Yes              69.23% No 8.     Do you think this concept is realistic for future production? 92.31% Yes              7.69% No 9.     Do you think that this product would be in the average person's price range? 30.77% Yes              69.23% No 10.   Do you think that medical insurance companies will endorse this product (to be available to the general population of Type I diabetes patients)? 61.54% Yes              38.46% No

  14. Analysis of the Survey Many people are familiar with the advantages of nanotechnology and injecting nano-particles into the body, but according to the results of our survey the majority had never heard of using this technology to help ease the complications of Type I Diabetes. Most of the population that we surveyed agreed that this product is not only necessary for patients with Type I Diabetes, but is a realistic solution for easing the problems of diabetes patients. In fact, about ninety-two percent think this idea is realistic for future production. However, since this a relatively new idea, it is understandable that most of the people we surveyed would be reluctant to participate in a clinical trial, do not think it be in an average person's price range, and also do not think that medical insurance companies will endorse this product.

  15. Mentor Interactions • The mentors had been contacted and everything had been set by the middle of November. • Tuesday, December 23, 2008: We sent the PowerPoint that we had to the mentors. • Wednesday, December 24, 2008- Sunday, January 4, 2009: Bergen County Academies is closed for the holidays. • Tuesday, January 6, 2009: We are still awaiting responses from the mentors.

  16. Associated Technologies Nanotechnology • Nanotechnology is the “engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale.” A nanotechnologist has the ability to construct things from a small scale to produce high performance products. Nanotechnology is used in various fields such as biotechnology, chemistry, etc. • http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm Biotechnology • A biotechnologist uses living organisms to their products to change or modify the health of humans as well as their environment. By using technology intertwined with biology, a biotechnologist is able to produce various items that are useful in everyday life in the fields of agriculture, food science, and medicine. Biotechnologists use instruments that give accurate and precise measurements. • http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/what_is_biotechnology.php

  17. Thank You! • Our team would sincerely like to thank our mentors, Mr. Steven Phillips and Dr. Robert Pergolizzi, for their cooperation and genuine interest in helping us develop our idea. Without their bright insight on the topic, we would have not been able to develop our idea as fully as we did.  • We would also like to thank Mrs. Donna Leonardi for her time and support.  • We would like to thank our technical advisor, Mrs. Rios for being patient with us and allowing our idea to flourish into something great.  • Thanks to Mrs. Julie Cox, Mrs. Bonnie Freeman, and staff. • Thanks to the Bergen County Technical School system and the Board of Education for all their support. • Thank you TechXplore for this educational opportunity and learning experience! 

  18. Written Report • Devastating Diabetes TechXplore 2008-2009, sponsored by the National Science & Technology Education Partnership (NSTEP) http://www.nstep-online.org/ Bergen County Academies (High School) Hackensack, NJ 07601 Facilitator: Mrs. Evelyn Rios Mentors: Mr. Steven Phillips, Touro University Dr. Robert Pergolizzi, Bergen County Academies Problem • Diabetes is a serious disease. Approximately 15 to 16 million people in the United States are known to have diabetes. Furthermore, an estimated 8 million American adults have undiagnosed diabetes. • Over 18,000 youth were diagnosed with diabetes within one year, and diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. • http://www.diabetes.org/about-diabetes.jsp • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetes.html • http://www.fda.gov/opacom/lowlit/diabetes.html • http://www.noah-health.org/en/endocrine/diabetes/ • http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/diabetes.html • Diabetes occurs when the pancreas produces little or no insulin; therefore, diabetes patients have to take insulin shots. Any complications due to too low insulin levels in the bloodstream can be potentially fatal for the patient. • http://kidshealth.org/parent/diabetes_basics/dictionary/diabetes_mellitus.html • Regular monitoring is an important element of a diabetic’s care. Diabetes patients undergo the pain of having to prick themselves in order to read there blood glucose level.

  19. Solutions • Three Solutions: 1. Growing cell culture that are trained to produce insulin and also detect whether or not a person has a high or low glucose level. Microchips will be implanted into the cell so that they will be able to detect the different levels. 2. A pill with a sensor implanted in will be swallowed by Diabetic patients. This sensor will absorb into the blood and cling onto a blood capillary. This sensor will contain information for reading glucose levels. When there is a detection of high or low glucose level, the sensor will alert the patient by pressing against the blood vessel. This force will internally make the diabetic patient aware that they need insulin. 3. Our idea is to make a sensor, a nanoparticle, made of polymers that can easily detect insulin levels in the body. It will be placed into the body, and if it detects too little insulin, it will release some of its stored insulin into the bloodstream, thus avoiding any hassle and life-threatening complications. Moreover this sensor responds on a portable monitor. The diabetic patient can either read the glucose levels on the monitor, or the monitor can speak to the diabetic patient. (For patients with impaired vision.) Lessons Learned • We learned how to work with an outside mentor and outside industry to help with creating a product. • Working together, we experienced difficulties in getting organized and assigning specific jobs. We learned to get communicate and do what we had to to get the job done. • We learned how to research properly and use different databases to get successful information. • We became more familiar with the application of how to make a successful PowerPoint. • We learned more information about diabetes which broadened our minds. Mentor Bio: Mr. Steven Phillips • He teaches in the Graduate Education and Psychology Programs. • Prior to teaching, he practiced health psychology in a multidisciplinary medical setting. Health Psychology views illness and wellness through a Biopsychosocial LensBiological systems, psychological processes and social influences. It is really mind-body medicine. • For more than 20 years, he counseled patients with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), a.k.a. Type 1 Diabetes, and Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), a.k.a. Type II Diabetes. Mentor Bio: Dr. Robert Pergolizzi • Dr. Robert Pergolizzi was recently recruited from the Department of Genetic Medicine at Weill Cornell in New York City, where he performed gene therapy and stem cell research for the past six years. • He has an extensive publication record, with over seventy publications in top-tier scientific journals. He was involved in formal teaching of classical genetics and genetic medicine to medical students, and was awarded the prestigious “Excellence in Teaching” Award by Cornell University. • Dr. Pergolizzi was the Director of a National Gene Vector Lab at Cornell, one of five in the country funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. His research at Cornell focused on curing genetic diseases by using genes as medicine and development of novel methods to deliver genes that are too large or too toxic for conventional gene transfer vectors. He developed a technique, called “Segmental Trans-splicing” which permits the delivery of such genes in pieces for intracellular reassembly and expression. This research has been published in Nature Medicine, Molecular Therapy and Cancer Research, and has received much international attention. This strategy is being used by other researchers, in major NIH-funded program projects on cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. He also directed several projects involving embryonic stem cells, to develop these powerful cells as an alternative treatment modality for human disease. • Prior to his work at Weill Cornell, Dr. Pergolizzi was Director of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy for the North Shore-Long island Jewish Health System for fourteen years, where his lab developed tests for genetic diseases, including a patented test which could identify carriers of the gene for the fragile-X syndrome for the first time. He directed a highly successful NIH-funded program for minority students, aimed at encouraging them to pursue careers in science and medicine. He designed and built a GMP Gene Therapy Lab and fully implemented FDA regulations and validation, thus permitting the products of the lab to be used in human clinical trials. • He received the PhD degree from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Columbia University, and then did a post-doctoral fellowship in Human Genetics and Development at the same institution. During that period, he had the opportunity to teach molecular biology to gifted high school students in the Science Honors Program sponsored by the National Science Foundation, an extremely positive experience that formed the basis for his interest in teaching at the Bergen County Academies today.

  20. Team • Bhasha M. • AMST Class of 2011 • PowerPoint creator/editor, survey creator, researcher for problem and solution, mentor interaction specialist • Neil J. • AMST Class of 2011 • Design creator, researcher for problem and solution • Augustina M. • AMST Class of 2011 • Surveyer, written report writer, PowerPoint editor, researcher for problem and solution • Ewelina G. • AMST Class of 2011 • Surveyer, lessons learned writer, researcher for problem and solution Assessment: Survey 1.     Do you think this product is a possible solution for this problem realistically? 84.62% Yes              15.38% No 2.     Have you ever heard of such a product in existence? 0 % Yes          100% No 3.     Would you think our product would be successful as a good medical solution to patients with Type I Diabetes? 76.92% Yes              23.08% No       4.     Do you think this product is necessary and essential for patients with Type I Diabetes? 61.54% Yes              38.46% No 5.     Have you ever heard of nanotechnology? 92.31% Yes              7.69% No 6.     Have you ever heard of injecting and placing nanoparticles into the body? 76.92% Yes              23.08% No 7.     If you were a Type I Diabetes patient, would you participate in a clinical trial to test this product? 30.77% Yes              69.23% No 8.     Do you think this concept is realistic for future production? 92.31% Yes              7.69% No 9.     Do you think that this product would be in the average person's price range? 30.77% Yes              69.23% No 10.   Do you think that medical insurance companies will endorse this product (to be available to the general population of Type I diabetes patients)? 61.54% Yes              38.46% No

  21. Analysis of the Survey Many people are familiar with the advantages of nanotechnology and injecting nano-particles into the body, but according to the results of our survey the majority had never heard of using this technology to help ease the complications of Type I Diabetes. Most of the population that we surveyed agreed that this product is not only necessary for patients with Type I Diabetes, but is a realistic solution for easing the problems of diabetes patients. In fact, about ninety-two percent think this idea is realistic for future production. However, since this a relatively new idea, it is understandable that most of the people we surveyed would be reluctant to participate in a clinical trial, do not think it be in an average person's price range, and also do not think that medical insurance companies will endorse this product. Mentor Interactions • The mentors had been contacted and everything had been set by the middle of November. • Tuesday, December 23, 2008: We sent the PowerPoint that we had to the mentors. • Wednesday, December 24, 2008- Sunday, January 4, 2009: Bergen County Academies is closed for the holidays. • Tuesday, January 6, 2009: We are still awaiting responses from the mentors. Associated Technologies Nanotechnology • Nanotechnology is the “engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale.” A nanotechnologist has the ability to construct things from a small scale to produce high performance products. Nanotechnology is used in various fields such as biotechnology, chemistry, etc. • http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm Biotechnology • A biotechnologist uses living organisms to their products to change or modify the health of humans as well as their environment. By using technology intertwined with biology, a biotechnologist is able to produce various items that are useful in everyday life in the fields of agriculture, food science, and medicine. Biotechnologists use instruments that give accurate and precise measurements. • http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/what_is_biotechnology.php Thank You! • Our team would sincerely like to thank our mentors, Mr. Steven Phillips and Dr. Robert Pergolizzi, for their cooperation and genuine interest in helping us develop our idea. Without their bright insight on the topic, we would have not been able to develop our idea as fully as we did.  • We would also like to thank Mrs. Donna Leonardi for her time and support.  • We would like to thank our technical advisor, Mrs. Rios for being patient with us and allowing our idea to flourish into something great.  • Thanks to Mrs. Julie Cox, Mrs. Bonnie Freeman, and staff. • Thanks to the Bergen County Technical School system and the Board of Education for all their support. • Thank you TechXplore for this educational opportunity and learning experience! 

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