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國網中心 與資訊科技

國網中心 與資訊科技. For 崑山科技大學 2009 年 11 月 25 日. 國家高速網路與計算中心 葉俊雄 主任. 科技. 科技 發明之本意 : 改善生活 ，造福大 眾 。 要能充分享受科技所帶來的正面效益，則有賴你我 發揮良知來消弭負面衝擊 。 負面衝擊 : 電腦病毒、網路犯罪、侵犯智慧財產權和隱私權。. 影響人類之重大科技. ( 農業社會 - 土地 ) 蒸汽機 - 第 一次 工業革命 擴大力量 、 延長工作時間 媒 、 勞工密集 、 區域經濟 電力 / 燈泡 - 第二 次 工業革命 延長白天 、 減少睡眠時間

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國網中心 與資訊科技

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  1. 國網中心與資訊科技 For崑山科技大學 2009年11月25日 國家高速網路與計算中心葉俊雄 主任

  2. 科技 • 科技發明之本意:改善生活，造福大眾。 • 要能充分享受科技所帶來的正面效益，則有賴你我發揮良知來消弭負面衝擊。 • 負面衝擊: 電腦病毒、網路犯罪、侵犯智慧財產權和隱私權。

  3. 影響人類之重大科技 • (農業社會 -土地) • 蒸汽機- 第一次工業革命 • 擴大力量、延長工作時間 • 媒、勞工密集、區域經濟 • 電力/燈泡 - 第二次工業革命 • 延長白天、減少睡眠時間 • 大量生產、資本密集、國家經濟 • 資訊科技- 第三次工業革命 • 去除時空隔離 • 技術/知識密集、全球經濟

  4. 爭議科技 • 試管嬰兒 • 複製人 • 監控系統 • 甘地: 「地球可以滿足人類需求，但卻無法滿足人類的貪念」

  5. 全球暖化 • 1個人平均應排放4.4噸，美、加、澳三國人口少但平均超過20噸，台灣13噸，日本9.6噸，中國、巴西、印度、印尼則是二氧化碳惡化發展最快的國家。 • 2050年，全球溫度將高出2-3度，全球人口將有1/5受影響，11-32億人口缺水。

  6. 資訊科技 • Microelectronics • Computer • Software • Network / Wireless

  7. Computer Evolution • Mainframe (large companies) • (John Von Neumann – single memory computer architecture) • (Semiconductor, IC) • Minicomputer (medium companies) • (Microprocessor) • Microcomputer (small companies) • Personal computer (everyone) • (Software) • Workstation / Server • Supercomputer, PC Cluster

  8. Key Events of Computing Development

  9. Software System Evolution • Stand-alone: all-in-one program • Client-server: separate GUI (front-end) from main application program (backend: business process & database) • Web-based (WWW): standard content delivery & communication protocols, common GUI software • Web services: standard service description, location-transparent • SOA: Service-Oriented Architecture • Grid: dynamic invocation, resource management, VO • Cloud computing

  10. Web Service (1/2) • A software system designed to support interoperable machine- or application-oriented interaction over a network. • A Web service has an interface described in a machine-processable format (i.e. WSDL). Other systems interact with Web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in a conjunction with other Web-related standards.

  11. Web Service (2/2) • Web services define a technique for describing software components to be accessed, methods for accessing these components, and discovery methods that enable the identification of relevant service providers. • The beauty of Web services is that you can easily adapt almost any code to become a new Web service. In Microsoft .NET, you can apply a one-line wrapper to any function that then makes it available as a Web service.

  12. Web Service Architecture 2.Discover Consumer Registries 3.Bind 1.Publish Provider

  13. Service-Oriented Architecture (1/3) • OASIS: A paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. It provides a uniform means to offer, discover, interact with, and use capabilities to produce desired effects consistent with measurable preconditions and expectations.

  14. Service-Oriented Architecture (2/3) • An architecture style of building reliable distributed systems that deliver functionality as services, with additional emphasis on loose coupling between interacting services. • An SOA can be based on Web services (which provide basic interoperability), but it may use other technologies (DCOM, COBRA) instead.

  15. Service-Oriented Architecture (3/3) • Advantages: less code, lower cost, increased standardization, more secured. • Drawbacks: migration cost, not as scalable and available as other solutions due to depending on XML and network communications, businesses are reluctant to put all eggs in one basket.

  16. Grid • Grid is a system that coordinates distributed resources using standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces to deliver nontrivial qualities of services. • Grid systems and applications aim to integrate, virtualize, and manage resourcesand services within distributed, heterogeneous, dynamic “virtual organizations”.

  17. Cloud Computing • A style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. • Infrastructure as a ServicePlatform as a ServiceSoftware as a Service

  18. 36 Years of Network Development (1) 1969: UCLA, Stanford and UCSB connected 1969: ARPAnet commissioned by Dept. of Defense, USA 1974: TCP was specified 1978: TCP was split from IP 1983: First Domain Name Server at University of Wisconsin 1986: NSFnet was created by the NSF: 56kbps backbone 1987: R&E Regional Networks Emerge 1987: ESNet Backbone: 56kbps IP Network 1990: ARPAnet disappeared 1991: World Wide Web released 1994: Internet becomes commoditized 1994: R&E Regional Networks sold to private sector Courtesy of Tom West

  19. 36 Years of Network Development (2) 1996: Internet2 officially created 1997: NSF initiates High Performance Connections Program 1998: Internet2 establishes Abilene Network 1997- GigaPoPs and Regional Networks form 2000: 2002: Native IPV6 deployed on Abilene Network 2003: Abilene Network moves to 10 Gbps 2007: Internet2 new network Courtesy of Tom West

  20. Key Events of Network Development

  21. Bandwidth Growth

  22. # u s e r s SB ≈ 40 Gb/s SC ≈ 100 Gb/s A SA ≈ 20 Gb/s B C ADSL GigE BW requirements Users: Three Categories • A: Lightweight users doing browsing, mailing, home use • Need full Internet routing, one to many • B: Business applications, multicast, streaming • Need VPN services and full Internet routing, several to several • C: Special scientific applications, computing, data grids, virtual-presence • Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations, few to few This slide courtesy of Cees de Laat <delaat@science.uva.nl>

  23. Future of Internet (1) • Faster, more capable, pervasive IP-based • Wired and wireless / mobility • “Machine to machine” communications • Rapid convergence to IP networks for voice, data, and video • Sensor networks • Data -- using low-cost sensors to collect terabytes of real-world data and using data management tools to understand it.

  24. Future of Internet (2) • Software: how to store, search, analyze, visualize, publish, and record the provenance of that data and the resulting conclusions. • Leading Internet architects believe that the premises on which the Internet was built need rethinking, in order to preserve and expand opportunities for innovation and economic growth.

  25. Main Forces of Economy Development • 農業社會:土地 • 工業社會:勞力 • 資本 • 技術 • 知識

  26. Knowledge Economy • Knowledge is the new base for wealth. • In the future when capitalists talk about their wealth they will be talking about their control of knowledge. • Exactly how one owns knowledge is in fact a central issue in a knowledge-based economy. • Technologies are changing so rapidly that no one knows where future profits will be made.

  27. Stages of Economy Development • Organizing ability to mobilize resources • Copying-to-catch-up • Advancing knowledge

  28. 知識經濟成功要素 • 創新 • 教育 • 環境

  29. 知識經濟的重要元件 • Societies reorganization • Effect changes • Skills • Natural and environmental resources • Tools • Process • Use knowledge

  30. 人類四天性 • 好奇心 • 探險心 • 學習心 • 建構心 • 發揮四天性 • 活用創新於日常生活中

  31. 創新思考 - 幾何學 • 阿基米德模式平面幾何學 • 匈牙利數學家 Bolyai及俄羅斯數學家 Lobachevsky • 雙曲線幾何學 • 德國數學家Riemann • 楕圓形幾何學

  32. 傳統產業 - 衣服 • 行之千年 • 生產工具/流程機械化自動生產 • 材料耐龍 • 行銷方法網頁

  33. 創意環境 • 開放度(約束度) • 紀律 <-> 混亂 • 混亂勝過其他 -> 創新 • 紀律勝過其他 -> 製造 • 混亂與紀律之平衡

  34. 知識工作者 • 提升產出之品質及價值 • 提升工作(流程)之品質：有系統、有效率 • 提升個人素養及品質：個人人格及技能之深度及廣度 • 主動、積極、創新、合群、熱情

  35. 方法 • 博學、審問、慎思、明辨、篤行 • 動眼觀察、動手實做、動腦思考、與人合作、勇於發表 • 6 W’s: What, Why, When, Where, Who, How

  36. 追求效能的第一步，就在於決定什麼是該做的事。「效能」指的是把事情做對，但是必須做的是「對」的事情，才會有效能可言。必須決定好做事的優先順序，以及應該用心的著力點，發揮自己的長處，你不能靠模仿你所崇拜的能幹上司，或是根據某一本書中的規劃而達到效能，你只能利用自己的專長來做事，你的任務就是做好自己擅長的事，而不是自己不懂的事情。 ~ 摘自 彼得‧杜拉克【使命與領導】

  37. 有效的自我發展必須雙管齊下。第一是改善─把正在做的事做得更好。第二是改變─試著去做不同的事。兩者都一樣重要，不能只專注於嘗試新事物,而忘卻了自己原本就很擅長的事物。要不斷把事情做得更完美一點,而且踏實地從小處改善起，為下一步打下更紮實的基礎。但如果只知把全副精神放在改善現況，卻忽略了總有一天要除舊更新、改弦易轍，也是很愚蠢的行為。有效的自我發展必須雙管齊下。第一是改善─把正在做的事做得更好。第二是改變─試著去做不同的事。兩者都一樣重要，不能只專注於嘗試新事物,而忘卻了自己原本就很擅長的事物。要不斷把事情做得更完美一點,而且踏實地從小處改善起，為下一步打下更紮實的基礎。但如果只知把全副精神放在改善現況，卻忽略了總有一天要除舊更新、改弦易轍，也是很愚蠢的行為。 ~ 摘自 彼得‧杜拉克【使命與領導】

  38. 在自我發展中，聆聽改變的訊號是一項很重要的技巧。在順境中改變─不要等到困境來臨時才想到改變。仔細檢查你的日常工作和任務，然後問：「以今日的眼光來看，這件事還值不值得去做？我是真的在創造成果呢，還是只不過在輕鬆地應付例行工作，把心血浪費在沒有成果的事上？」自我發展並不是一種處世哲學，也不只是滿懷善意；「自我更新」也不是一種容光煥發的感覺而已，兩者都是行動。對，藉此你會變得心胸更寬闊，但更重要的是，你會變得效能更高、心志更堅定。在自我發展中，聆聽改變的訊號是一項很重要的技巧。在順境中改變─不要等到困境來臨時才想到改變。仔細檢查你的日常工作和任務，然後問：「以今日的眼光來看，這件事還值不值得去做？我是真的在創造成果呢，還是只不過在輕鬆地應付例行工作，把心血浪費在沒有成果的事上？」自我發展並不是一種處世哲學，也不只是滿懷善意；「自我更新」也不是一種容光煥發的感覺而已，兩者都是行動。對，藉此你會變得心胸更寬闊，但更重要的是，你會變得效能更高、心志更堅定。 ~ 摘自 彼得‧杜拉克【使命與領導】

  39. 要寓學習於工作中，而且在工作中持續不斷地學習，就要設法針對成果和期待建立起有系統的回饋。設法辨認出工作中─甚至生活中─的關鍵活動。當你正在從事這些活動時，不妨在紙上寫下你期待見到的結果。九個月或一年之後，將你事前的期望和實際的結果相比較，這樣你就可以了解，哪些部分做得不錯，哪些技巧或知識有待充實，自已又有些什麼樣的壞習慣（這可能是最重大的發現）。就像我一樣，你也許會發現，自己總是功虧一簣，太早就放棄，至少我很快就了解到，自己實在很沒耐心。你也可能會一次又一次體認到，自己一番苦心孤詣，卻做不出成果，是因為你聽不進別人說的話，這可算是最常見的壞習慣了。 ~ 摘自 彼得‧杜拉克【使命與領導】

  40. 我們都是知識工作者 • 自律與自我要求 • 自我規劃職場生涯 • 思考專業＋興趣＋工作三者配合 發揮所長、愉快成長!!

  41. 二十一世紀大學教育八大目標 • 表達能力 • 思辨能力 • 道德推理能力 • 履行公民責任的能力 • 迎接多元化生活的能力 • 迎接全球化社會的能力 • 廣泛的興趣 • 增進學生的就業能力 哈佛大學前校長所著之書「大學教了沒？」

  42. 企業成功的核心特質 • 渴望變革 Hungry for Change • 讓創新超乎想像 Innovative beyond Customer Imagination • 全球性整合 Globally Integrated • 顛覆自我 Disruptive by Nature • 真誠的企業公民 Genuine, not just Generous

  43. 技術發展層次 • 研究 • 應用 • 製造及服務 • 使用

  44. 6 New Technologies • Microelectronics • Computers • Telecommunications • New man-made materials • Robotics • Biotechnology

  45. Top 10 Jobs for the Class of 2008 (1/2) • Financial analyst • Computer systems analysts • Computer systems software engineers • Accountants • Civil engineers

  46. Top 10 Jobs for the Class of 2008 (2/2) • Marketing managers • Financial managers • Chemical engineers • Electrical engineers • Mechanical engineers

  47. 2002 2003 2004 1988 1991 1993 1999 2005 2006 2007 NCHC Brief History The NCHC (National Center for High-performance Computing) is Taiwan’s only complete HPC center. It’s under National Applied Research Laboratory (NARL). Received ISO 27001:2005 Security Info. Management Certification Received ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Certification Southern Business Unit began serving as the NOC TWAREN is operational Transform from a governmental institute into a body corporate Operating TANet2 R&D network Providing HPC services ( Hsinchu headquarters)‏ The proposal is approved by the Executive Yuan Taiwan’s NSC proposes the establishment of the NCHC

  48. NCHC Advanced Infrastructure The NCHC is responsible for Taiwan’s cyberinfrasructure The NCHC provides computing, networking and storage services The NCHC integrates information, engineering and scientific disciplines 3 Business Units located in science parks to support local high tech industry

  49. NCHC Main Roles • Infrastructure / Software as a Service • HPC / Storage • Network / Security • Scientific Database / Application Software • “Simple” Data Center • Enabler • Training • Visualization • Develop Value-added Systems • Specific IT Service to Selective Users • Collaborative Research • Selective Areas with Selective Researchers

  50. Infrastructure as a Service • Resources • HPC • Storage • Network • Security • Scientific Software and Database • 4 Aspects • Resource Capability and Capacity • Resource Quality • Users and Service Quality • Usage, Use Allocation, Outcome, Values & Contribution

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