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CHAPTER 5 HOW ECOSYSTEMS WORK

CHAPTER 5 HOW ECOSYSTEMS WORK. Chapter 5 - section 3 How Ecosystems Change. ECOSYSTEMS ARE CONSTANTLY CHANGING!!! . Ecological Succession - a regular pattern of changes in a community that occur over time . * the process may take hundreds or thousands of years.

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CHAPTER 5 HOW ECOSYSTEMS WORK

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  1. CHAPTER 5HOW ECOSYSTEMS WORK

  2. Chapter 5 - section 3 How Ecosystems Change ECOSYSTEMS ARE CONSTANTLY CHANGING!!!

  3. Ecological Succession - a regular pattern of changes in a community that occur over time * the process may take hundreds or thousands of years

  4. ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION occurs when 1. a new land area is exposed or when 2. an existing land area is disturbed

  5. Primary Succession occurs on new land areas or where no soil exists What are some examples of primary succession?

  6. Secondary Succession occurs when an existing community had been disturbed What are some examples of secondary succession? due to humans or natural causes ?

  7. How are fires a necessary part of secondary succession? • Some trees only release seeds after exposure to the intense heat of a fire • Minor fires remove brush and dead wood that accumulates • Some animals depend on vegetation that sprout s after a fire has cleared the land

  8. FIRES IN YELLOWSTONE Since 1972 National Park Service policy on fires has been to ….. - allows fires caused by lightning to burn unless they threaten lives, property or unique scenic areas - put out all human-caused fires Fires of 1988 – conditions were unusual • little rain during the summer • summer turned out to be driest on record • the previous winters were dry

  9. 1988

  10. 1988

  11. 1988

  12. 2010 – 22 years later

  13. 2010 – 22 years later

  14. Primary or Secondary Succession?

  15. Primary or Secondary Succession?

  16. Primary or Secondary Succession?

  17. Primary or Secondary Succession?

  18. Primary or Secondary Succession?

  19. Primary or Secondary Succession?

  20. Primary or Secondary Succession?

  21. Pioneer Species – the first species to inhabit an area Pioneer Community – the first community of living things to inhabit an area Lichens Mosses Small Plants

  22. LICHEN What is a lichen? a mutualisticrelationship between a fungus and alga Alga – produces food (by photosynthesis) Fungi – absorbs nutrients from rocks and makes the environment hospitable for the alga Why are lichens important? the action of lichens begins to break down rock which begins the formation of soil so that succession can occur

  23. Succession CULMINATES when… a final, stable community is established – the final community is called a CLIMAX COMMUNITY climax community in Baja, California is a DESERT

  24. SERAL COMMUNITY = a transitional community or communities that occur before a climax community is established PIONEER COMMUNTIY to SERAL COMMUNITY(IES) to CLIMAX COMMUNITY

  25. What would be the climax community in the eastern US? Deciduous Forest

  26. What do you think old-field succession is?

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