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Korea : Recent Projects in Nuclear, Particle and Astrophysics

Korea : Recent Projects in Nuclear, Particle and Astrophysics. Sun Kee Kim Rare Isotope Science Project Institute for Basic Science. Joint workshop of the France Japan and France Korea Particle Physics Laboratories. Nuclear, Particles and Astrophysics Researches.

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Korea : Recent Projects in Nuclear, Particle and Astrophysics

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  1. Korea : Recent Projects inNuclear, Particle and Astrophysics Sun Kee Kim Rare Isotope Science Project Institute for Basic Science Joint workshop of the France Japan and France Korea Particle Physics Laboratories

  2. Nuclear, Particles and Astrophysics Researches Major Accelerator Experiments have been covered by Korean Physics community FNAL : E531, E653, FOCUS, CDF, Dzero BNL : PHENIX, STAR (RHIC) JLAB : Nuclear Experiments KEK : AMY(TRISTAN), Belle (KEKB) Nuclear Experiments (PS) J-PARC : Nuclear Experiments, T2K CERN : L3 (LEP), CMS, ALICE (LHC) DESY : ZEUS (HERA) GSI : Nuclear experiments Non-accelerator Experiments SuperK: undeground neutrino exp. ATIC, CREAM, AMS : space based exp. TA : Ground array for HE cosmic rays Domestic programs KIMS (2000- ) – DM search AMoRE (R&D phase) – DBD search RENO (2006- ) – Reactor neutrino RISP (2011.12- ) - Construction of accelerator complex for rare isotope science RCMST (2006- ) - Space astrophysics program

  3. Brief History of Korean Efforts at CERN • 1980-1990: Prehistoric age (individual based) • 1990-1998: LEP age (research group based) • e+ e- collisions at Z0, W pair production energies • ALEPH : KU, KWNU et al., L3: KNU, KAIST et al. • Neutrino oscillation : CHORUS : KSNU et al. • 1998-2006: LHC preparation age (university based) • MOST (Former MEST) funded “Korea-CMS” (~$2M) • 12 universities • Superconducting magnet platform (815kCHF) • Forward RPC production (500kCHF) • Online DAQ hardware (500kCHF) • 2007-present: LHC age (federation based) • Organization : Ministry, Funding Agency, Research Teams • Federations of universities : Korea CMS, Korea ALICE • Research, communication, competition, evaluation, • M&O-A, M&O-B, contributions to H/W construction • Supporting programs, Fellowship, Education • CMS/ALICE Tier2 computing • Korea-CERN Theory Fellowship • High-School Teacher Educationt Similar history in other labs Slides by I.C.Park

  4. K-CERN Program Organization CERN-Korea Committee (CKC) MEST K-CERN Program Review Committee Tier2 LCG Korea CMS Korea ALICE Theory HST 4univs. 40 members KPS PP div. 7univs. 70 members CMS: KNU ALICE: KISITI High School Teacher Program More than 100 members !

  5. K-CERN Program budget • Budget profile • Small bang  inflation  slow down  accelerating expansion.. • Contribution to CMS/ALICE upgrade (LHC LS1, LS2) • Dark Energy : MEST / NRF + visitors + media …

  6. Belle and Korean activities • Construction of electromagnetic calorimeter • Fabrication of calorimeter trigger modules • Cluster logics (both on/offline) • DST production manager/DAQ construction • Physics Coordinator (Y.J.Kwon) Out of 350 papers, we wrote 25 of them S. K. Choi wrote the historic X(3872) paper

  7. Belle-II • Belle-II: asymmetric B meson super factory, 2015 – 2025(?) Almost new spectrometer - thinned pixel (for the first time in B-factory) - new DSSD, new drift chamber - new PID (TOP for barrel, A-RICH for endcap) - new endcap calorimeter : pure CsI - newreadout (fully pipelined) - new DAQ/Trigger Korean group contribution • Drift chamber based online 3D trigger • PWO-II R&D for endcap calorimeter • DSSD assembly • Calorimeter trigger electronics • Institutional Board Chair (E.I. Won)

  8. Sites of Domestic Facilities KIMS, AMoRE RISP RENO

  9. YangYang Underground Laboratory(Y2L) (Upper Dam) • Y2L • Located in a tunnel of • Yangyang Pumped Storage Power Plant • Korea Middleland Power Co. • Minimum depth : 700 m • Access to the lab by car (~2km) • Experiments: • KIMS: DM search exp. in operation • AMORE: DBD Search exp. in preparation (Power Plant) (Lower Dam) KILC12, Daegu, Korea

  10. KIMS(Korea Invisible Mass Search) DM search experiment with CsI crystal CsI(Tl) Crystal 8x8x30 cm3 (8.7 kg) 3” PMT (9269QA) : Quartz window, RbCs photo cathode ~5 Photo-electron/keV SD interaction PRL 99, 091301 (2007) • 12 crystals(104.4kg) running • Stable data taking for more than a year • Unique experiment to test DAMA annual modulation Best limit on SD interactions in case of pure proton coupling KILC12, Daegu, Korea

  11. Latest results from KIMS Using 24523.7 kg data taken during 2009.9- 2010.8 with PSD method Annual Modulation analysis in progress • 2.5 years DATA (2009. 9. 1 – 2012. 2. 29) • KIMS CsI crystal has 134Cs (2.2 year half-life) contribution at low energy. • Modulation analysis is done including the decay of 134Cs and flat background.

  12. AMoREExperiment at Y2L Double beta decay search with 40Ca100MoO4 crystal Int. Collaboration : Korea, Russia, Ukraine, China, Germanyin preparation (not funded yet !) • 40Ca100MoO4 crystal • Unique in the world (depleted Ca + enriched Mo) • Scintillation crystal + Cryogentic detector MMC+CMO at low temperature Energy spectrum for 600 keV gamma Scintillation readout good DM detector as well Cryogenic CaMoO4 Sensitivity 0.5% FWHM 15 keV FWHM for low temp. 5 years, 100 kg 40Ca100MoO4 : T1/2 = 7.0x1026 years  <m> = 20 – 70 meV Fully covers inverted hierarchy

  13. First measurement (CaMoO4+ Metallic Mag. Cal.) New setup • (Ø4cmx4cm crystal) MMC Phonon sensor AMoRE Low Temperature 11keV FWHM @ 5.5 MeV Final setup • (Phonon + light sensors) Si or Ge Additional light sensor (TES or MMC) CaMoO4 1.7keV FWHM @ 60 keV Phonon sensor Astroparticle physics 34 732 (2011)

  14. KIMS(Korea Invisible Mass Search) collaboration AMoRE Collaboration Seoul National University:H.C.Bhang, J.H.Choi, S.C.Kim, S.K.Kim, J.H.Lee, M.J.Lee, S.J.Lee, S.S.Myung Sejong University: U.G.Kang, Y.D.Kim, J.I. Lee Kyungpook National University: H.J.Kim, J.H.So, S.C.Yang Yonsei University: M.J.Hwang, Y.J.Kwon EwhaWomans University: I.S.Hahn Korea Research Institute of Standard Sciences : Y.H.Kim, K.B.Lee, M. Lee Institute of High Energy Physics J.Li Tsinghua University : Y.Li, Q.Yue Korea (39) Seoul National University: H.Bhang, S.Choi, M.J.Kim, S.K.Kim, M.J.Lee, S.S.Myung, S.Olsen, Y. Sato, K.Tanida, S.C.Kim, J.Choi, S.J.Lee, J.H.Lee, J.K.Lee, H.Kang, H.K.Kang, Y.Oh, S.J.Kim, E.H.Kim, K.Tshoo, D.K.Kim, X.Li, J.Li, H.S.Lee (24) Sejong University: Y.D.Kim, E.-J.Jeon, K. Ma, J.I.Lee, W.Kang, J.Hwa (5) Kyungpook national University: H.J.Kim, J.So, GulRooh, Y.S.Hwang(4) KRISS:Y.H.Kim, M.K.Lee, H.S.Park, J.H.Kim, J.M.Lee, K.B.Lee (6) Russia (16) ITEP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics): V.Kornoukhov, P. Ploz, N.Khanbekov (3) Baksan National Observatory : A.Ganggapshev, A.Gezhaev, V.Gurentsov, V.Kuzminov, V.Kazalov, O.Mineev, S.Panasenko, S.Ratkevich, A.Verensnikova, S.Yakimenko, N.Yershov, K.Efendiev, Y.Gabriljuk (13) Ukraine(11) INR(Institute for Nuclear Research):F.Danevich, V.Tretyak, V.Kobychev, A.Nikolaiko, D.Poda, R.Boiko, R.Podviianiuk, S.Nagorny, O.Polischuk, V.Kudovbenko, D.Chernyak(11) China(2) Tsinghua University: Y.Li, Q.Yue(2) Germany(3) Heidelberg University : C. Enss, A. Fleischmann, L. Gastaldo(3) 5countries 8 institutions

  15. RENO Collaboration (12 institutions and 40 physicists) • ChonbukNational University • ChonnamNational University • Chung-Ang University • Dongshin University • Gyeongsang National University • Kyungpook National University • Pusan National University • Sejong University • SeokyeongUniversity • Seoul National University • SeoyeongUniversity • SungkyunkwanUniversity • Total cost : $10M • Start of project : 2006 • The first experiment running with both near & far detectors from Aug. 2011 Slides by S.B.Kim

  16. RENO Detector • 354 ID +67 OD 10” PMTs • Target : 16.5 ton Gd-LS, R=1.4m, H=3.2m • Gamma Catcher : 30 ton LS, R=2.0m, H=4.4m • Buffer : 65 ton mineral oil, R=2.7m, H=5.8m • Veto : 350 ton water, R=4.2m, H=8.8m

  17. Data-Taking & Data Set • Data-taking efficiency • Data taking began on Aug. 1, 2011 with both near and far detectors. • Data-taking efficiency > 90%. • Trigger rate at the threshold energy of 0.5~0.6 MeV : 80 Hz • Data-taking period : 228 days Aug. 11, 2011 ~ Mar. 25, 2012 • Event rate before reduction 208Tl • A candidate for a neutron capture by Gd 40K n capture by Gd 2 MeV 6 MeV 10 MeV

  18. Reactor Antineutrino Disappearance • A clear deficit in rate (8.0% reduction) • Consistent with neutrino oscillation in the spectral distortion

  19. Science Business Belt Accelerator complex Institute for Basic Science

  20. Organization of IBS (Institute for Basic Science) 4. Organizational Structure Board of Directors Scientific Advisory Board Auditor President • Office of • Policy Planning Accelerator Institute (Affiliated Institution) Secretariats Rare Isotope Science Project Office of Research Services • IBS consists of 50 research centers, supporting organizations, and affiliated research institutes • Each Research Center : ~50 staff, average annual budget ~ 9 M USD • The number of staff: 3,000 (2017, including visiting scientists and students) • Annual Budget: USD 610 million (2017, including operational cost for the Accelerator Institute) • Office of Administrative Services Research Center (Headquarters) Research Center (Campus) Research Center (Extramural) 4

  21. Research Topicswith Rare Isotopes • Nuclear Physics • Exotic nuclei near the neutron drip line • Superheavy Elements (SHE) • Equation-of-state (EoS) of nuclear matter Origin of Elements Stellar Evolution • Nuclear Astrophysics • Origin of nuclei • Paths of nucleosynthesis • Neutron stars and supernovae • Nuclear data with fast neutrons • Basic nuclear reaction data for future nuclear energy • Nuclear waste transmutation • Atomic/Particle physics • Atomic trap • Fundamental symmetries • Material science • Production & Characterization of new materials • -NMR / SR • Medical and Bio sciences • Advanced therapy technology • Mutation of DNA • New isotopes for medical imaging Application of Rare Isotopes

  22. Making Rare Isotope Beam Target spallation, fission by energetic light projectile ISOL(Isotope Separator On-Line) p  thick target (eg. Uranium Carbide) fission fragments  rare isotopes Projectile fragmentation IF(In-Flight Fragmentation) Heavy ion beam  thin target projectile fragmentation  high energy RI beam or  stopping and reacceleration

  23. Rare Isotope Factory 26 • High intensity RI beams by ISOL & IF • 70kWISOL from direct fission of 238U induced by 70MeV, 1mA p • 400kWIFby 200MeV/u, 8pμA 238U • High energy, high intensity & high quality neutron-richRI beams • 132Sn with up to ~250MeV/u, up to 9x108pps • More exotic RI beams by ISOL+IF+ISOL(trap) • Simultaneous operation modes for the maximum use of the facility

  24. Concept of the Accelerator Complex Medical science Material science Driver Linac 200 MeV/u (U), 8 pμA U33+ RFQ SCL Future Extension SCL Stripper 18 MeV/u μSR Spallation, Fission Target 28 GHz SC ECR IS H2+, D+ Material science Medical Research Nuclear Data Fragment Separator Post Linac 400 kW Target 70 kW Cyclotron Material Science Beta-NMR RF Cooler Gas Catcher, Gas cell SCL RFQ Mass Separator 18 MeV/u 1~5 MeV/u 0.3 MeV/u 10 keV/u High Energy Experiments Atomic / Nuclear physics Nuclear Physics Nuclear Astrophysics Material science, Bio science Medical science, Nuclear data Atomic Trap Experiments Charge Breeder Low Energy Experiments ECR IS SC Linac 200MeV/u for 238U, 600 MeV for p  IF driver, high power ISOL driver Cyclotron 70 MeV for p  ISOL driver SC Linac ISOL post accelerator 18 MeV/u

  25. Facilities for the scientific researches 28 - Design of the experimental facilities in conceptual level - User training program with the international collaboration Multi-Purpose Spectrometer High Resolution Spectrometer Nuclear Structure Nuclear Matter Nuclear Astrophysics Atomic physics Nuclear data by fast neutrons Material science Medical and Bio sciences Large Acceptance Multi-Purpose Spectrometer (LAMPS) Korea Recoil Spectrometer (KRS) Atom & Ion Trap System neutron Time-of-Flight (n-ToF) Β-NMR/NQR Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD) Laser Selective Ionizer Heavy Ion Therapy Irradiation Facility

  26. Conceptual Design of LAMPS(high energy) • Dipole acceptance ≥ 50mSr • Dipolelength =1.0 m • TOF length ~8.0 m Science Goal: using isototpes with high N/Z at high energy for Nuclear structure Nuclear EOS Symmetry energy EX: : Nuclear collision of 132Sn of ~250 MeV/u ForB=1.5 T, p/Z ≈ 0.35 GeV/c at 110o Low p/Z High p/Z ForB=1.5 T, p/Z ≈ 1.5 GeV/c at 30o Solenoid magnet Neutron-detector array Dipole magnet: We can also consider the large aperture superconducting dipole magnet (SAMURAI type).

  27. Status and Plan of the RISP • Conceptual Design report (Mar. 2010 - Feb. 2011) • IAC review (Jul. 2011 – Oct. 2011) • Rare Isotope Science Project started in IBS (Dec. 2011) • RISP Workshop on accelerator systems (May 6 – 9, 2012) • TAC ( May 10, 2012), IAC( June or July, 2012) • Baseline Design Summary (by June 2012) • Technical Design Report (by June 2013)

  28. Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) • Project: Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) • 21C Frontier R&D Program, MEST, Republic of Korea • Objectives: • To develop a High Power Proton Linac (100MeV, 20mA) • To develop Beam Utilization & Accelerator Application Technologies • To Industrialize Developed Technologies • Period: July 2002 – December 2012 • Budget: 307.4 B KRW (~275.0 M US$) • Gov.: 176.3B(57.3%), Local Gov.: 118.2B(38.5%), Industry: 12.9B(4.2%) • 66B KRW to Accel. & Beamline (including R&D & personnel expenses )

  29. 100 MeV 20 MeV 3 MeV Future Extension TR105 TR101 TR25 TR21 TR104 TR103 TR102 TR24 TR23 TR22 100 MeV Beamlines 20 MeV Beamlines Schematics of PEFP Linac & Beam Lines 20MeV was operated for 5 years at Daejeon 100MeV is now being installed at Gyeongju

  30. Extension Plan of the 100MeV Proton Accelerator GeVLinac 100 MeV Linac • Long pulse spallation neutron source • Short pulse spallation neutron source • GeV beam utilization • Injector for high energy machine • Linac requirement : Beam energy ~GeV, Beam power ~ MW, Pulse width ~ ms • Superconducting RF linac is one of candidates for the linac extension Slides by H.-J. Kwon

  31. Accelerator Based HEP Roadmap(2009.4, KHEP Association) 2005 201020152020 2025 2030 PEFP 100 MeV Proton Accelerator Try to connect the PEFP, KoRIA, Photon Facotry Programs with HEP Plans 2nd Phase PEFP or SC of KoRIA Superconducting Cavity Technology As first priorit Smaill e-Linac for Rare Isotope production by photofission at KoRIA RCS(1GeV) Neutron/Muon Source SC(1GeV) Proton Drive (8-10 GeV) High Power PS – neutrino factory,  Collider Options: After 2015 Proton Drive or ILC KoRIA (Superconducting) 200 MeV Rare Isotope Accelerator ILC (Superconducting) 500 GeV - 1 TeV e+e- collider Super Charm 3 GeV e+e- collider Options considered: ILC or Super Charm, post-ILC Next ILC > 3 TeV e+e- LHC (7+7 TeV) SLHC Super KEKB ILC J-PARC FAIR FRIB

  32. Summary Korean Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics research programs Past - started with international collaboration in individual bases in mid 70s- mid80s - grow manpower and expertise Present - work as team – Korean group in an organized way with government support - start to play an important role in large international collaboration - domestic experiments are successfully built and produce important results Future - leading science facilities including the rare isotope accelerator will be constructed  National Laboratory  contribution to world science community

  33. Thank you for your attention !

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