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Water

Water. Water Distribution. Water use in the US in 2000. The Water Cycle. Transpiration (plants). Parts of a River. Collection. Transportation. Dispersal. Dendritic. Dendritic Pic - Yemen. Dendritic pattern Yemen. Radial. Rectangular. Limestone Bedrock:

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Water

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  1. Water

  2. Water Distribution

  3. Water use in the US in 2000

  4. The Water Cycle Transpiration (plants)

  5. Parts of a River Collection Transportation Dispersal

  6. Dendritic

  7. Dendritic Pic - Yemen Dendritic pattern Yemen

  8. Radial

  9. Rectangular Limestone Bedrock: Naturally fractures into squares & rectangles

  10. Trellis Common in the Appalachians where rivers have cut through parallel ridgelines.

  11. Drainage Basin

  12. Drainage Basin II

  13. Mississippi Basin

  14. Delta Development Distributary Water coming down a river hits the ocean; gradient goes to zero Sediment is deposited; channel eventually fills River jump its banks and takes a new course Process repeats Very common in deltas

  15. Delta Development II

  16. Mississippi Distributaries Mississippi River Delta

  17. Mature Deltas

  18. Mississippi Delta Left to its own devices, the Mississippi would now be flowing down the Atchafalaya Basin. Oil refineries line the Mississippi

  19. Atchafalaya Mississippi Embankment Atchafalaya River

  20. New Orleans

  21. Hurricane Threat -- very real

  22. Eroding defenses

  23. River Dynamics Rivers are complex systems influenced by number of things, which are: - discharge - velocity - gradient - sediment load - base level

  24. Stream Discharge - amount of water passing by a given point during a specific time interval - measured in cubic meters/second

  25. Discharge Station

  26. Velocity

  27. Meanders

  28. Cut Bank

  29. Meandering

  30. Oxbow Lakes

  31. Oxbows

  32. Oxbows II NE/SD border

  33. Slope

  34. Sediment Load - fine particles are moved in suspension, never touching the ground (suspended load) - silt & clay giving the water a muddy look - coarse particles are moved by traction along the stream bed, jumping along (bed load) - move by saltation: short leaps as a strong current picks them up and moves them a short distance. - 7-10% of the total sediment load, on average. - abrasion between particles causing them to wear, smoothing them and forming round pebbles and stones. - also wears away the stream channel along the sides and bottom of the channel. - dissolved materials are carried along in solution (dissolved load) - invisible chemical ions

  35. Mississippi Sediment

  36. Base Level The lowest elevation (depth) to which a river can erode its bed.

  37. Base Level II

  38. Stream Maturity Youthful Mature Old Age

  39. Old Age River

  40. Flooded River Levees occur when active deposition takes place along the banks of an older river when it is in a flood. Each time this happens the banks get higher forming a natural levee -- a barrier to future flooding.

  41. Natural Levee Levees River channel

  42. Urban Runoff More pavement = dramatically increased runoff rates

  43. Levee If the river doesn’t flood, sediment is deposited on the river bed; causes water level to rise

  44. Concrete Paving Smooth bottom = less friction = fast-moving water = less sediment deposition

  45. Levee Breech

  46. Dams Siltation

  47. Wastewater 15,000,000 people. All pavement. 50 inches of precipitation per year. Where does all the water go?

  48. Urban sewer system Many urban sewer systems are outdated

  49. Wilmington Wilmington, Delaware

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