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Characteristic features of the Stalinist Communist system. Meeting 4. The System. Communist Party Power gaining power (revolution, war) purposeful process of history the state ruled by workers party guarding the revolution Methods of maintaining power
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Characteristic features of the Stalinist Communist system Meeting 4.
The System • Communist Party Power • gaining power (revolution, war) • purposeful process of history • the state ruled by workers • party guarding the revolution • Methods of maintaining power • Personality cult: 1. Link with Lenin 2. Role in achievement of success 3. Relationship with the people 4. Scientific achievements/writings • Pseudo-religious ritual • Party’s role in economy/society • economy • art,literature • industrialisation • political domination
Practice • army • peoples’ militia • party membership • education/censorship • Soviet community of states • control of other states • bilateral consolidation with Moscow • Soviet embassies • close contact between party bodies • direct penetration of institutions • isolation of peoples’ democracies • the Warsaw Pact • COMECON
Economy Poland PKWN decree of 6 September 1944 limits private farms to 50 hectares and 100 on the acquired territories. 3 January 1946 nationalization of all factories employing over 50 workers. Hungary Decree of 15 March 1945 limits private farms to 57 hectares. 1946-48 nationalization of all factories and banks employing over 100 employees. Czechoslovakia Three stage reform ends with a decree of 21 March 1948 limiting private farms to 50 hectares. 24 October 1946 nationalization of key branch factories employing 150-500 workers; in Spring 1948 nationalization of all companies employing over 50 employees.
Industrialization Soviet model of heavy industry promoted by special plans and programs. Metallurgy and arms industry in particular. Central planning of all economy. Czechoslovakia 5 year plan 1949-53. Hungary 5 year plan 1950-54. Poland 6 year plan 1950-55.
Purges The extent of the repression during the early years of the rule by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunistická strana Československa — the KSČ) was unprecedented. In the early 1950s, some 900,000 persons were purged from the ranks of the KSČ; just about 100,000 were jailed for such political crimes as "bourgeois nationalism.„ Repression was harsher in Hungary than in the other satellite countries in the 1940s and 1950s due to a more vehement Hungarian resistance. Approximately 350,000 Hungarian officials and intellectual party members were purged from the Hungarian Communist Party from 1948 to 1956. Any member with a western connection was immediately vulnerable, which included large numbers of people who had spent years in exile in the West during the Nazi occupation of Hungary. Approximately 150,000 were also imprisoned, with 2,000 summarily executed. As in other Eastern Bloc countries, there was a Soviet-style political purge of communist officials in Poland, accused of "nationalist" or other "deviationist" tendencies. Mass arrests continued during the early 1950s. In October 1950, 5,000 people were arrested in one night, in the so-called "Operation K"; in 1952 over 21,000 people were arrested. According to official data, there were 49,500 political prisoners in the second half of 1952.
Purges in numbers 1948-51/54 Bulgaria – 200,000 (down to 300,000) Czechoslovakia – 1,300,000 (down to 1,400,000) GDR – 340,00 (down to 1,260,000) Hungary – 350,000 (down to 850,000) Poland – 350,000 (down to 1,150,000) Romania – 300,000 (down to 600,000)
