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Introduction to Voltage Regulation Presented to “YOUR CUSTOMER’S NAME” “DATE OF PRESENTATION”

This presentation provides an introduction to voltage regulation and its benefits to power suppliers, including increased revenue, customer satisfaction, improved distribution equipment efficiency, and decreased investment per KVA delivered.

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Introduction to Voltage Regulation Presented to “YOUR CUSTOMER’S NAME” “DATE OF PRESENTATION”

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  1. Introduction to Voltage RegulationPresented to“YOUR CUSTOMER’S NAME”“DATE OF PRESENTATION”

  2. Benefits to Power Supplier Well-regulated voltage provides these benefits to the supplier: 1. Increased revenue 2. Customer satisfaction 3. Increased efficiency of distribution equipment 4. Decreased investment per KVA delivered

  3. Typical Generation and Distribution System

  4. Voltage Drops on Long Feeder Line

  5. Characteristics of Resistance Loads Typical resistance loads • Electric Stoves • Home Heating Systems • Water Heaters • Irons • Toasters Low voltage causes longer heating time High voltage May shorten life of heating elements Increases revenue to the utility

  6. Characteristics of Motor Loads Typical Motor Loads • Vacuum Cleaners • Washing Machines • Fans • Refrigerators • Freezers Low Voltage • Decreased efficiency • Motor overheating High Voltage • Possible damage to coupling or appliance • Increased motor torque

  7. Characteristics of Electronic Loads Typical Electronic Loads • Radio • Television • Computers Low voltage causes poor quality reception on TV sets • Picture not distinct • Decreased picture size High voltage shortens life of electronic components

  8. Characteristics of Illumination Loads Typical Illumination Loads • Incandescent Lighting • Fluorescent Lighting Low voltage causes: • Decreased incandescent lamp efficiency - a 10% decrease in voltage results in only 70% of normal illumination • If voltage is too low, fluorescent lamps will be inoperative High voltage causes life expectancy of bulbs to decrease

  9. Voltage Correction Methods Four ways to compensate for line voltage variations: • Reduce resistance and/or reactance • Reduce the current • Power Factor correction • Voltage regulation

  10. Reduction of Resistance and Reactance

  11. Power Factor Correction

  12. Feeder Voltage Regulator

  13. Basic Auto-Transformer

  14. Basic Step Auto-Transformer

  15. Modified Step Auto-Transformer

  16. Modified Step Auto-Transformer - 2

  17. Preventive Auto-Transformer - No Load

  18. Compensator Operation at Lagging Load

  19. Single-Phase Regulators in Wye

  20. Single-Phase Regulators in Open Delta

  21. Single-Phase Regulators in Closed Delta

  22. Three-Phase Regulators

  23. Straight and Inverted Regulators

  24. Type JFR Regulators 1. Tough, electrostatically applied polyester paint 2. Type 316 Stainless steel hardware 3. Sealed tank with pressure relief device 4. External MOV by-pass arrester 5. Larger, more visible oil sight gauge 6. Motor capacitor in the control cabinet 7. Single polarized jack plug 8. Cover-mounted terminal block 9. Multiple microprocessor control offerings 10. Sturdy coil and tap changer design 11. High creep bushings

  25. Type SFR Regulators • Unit Construction - Allows for fast, low cost untanking in the field. • Side Inspection Door - Allows for easy inspection and maintenance where untanking is impractical. • Vari-Amp Position Indicator - Provides for operating at increased load. • Control and Metering Options • MJ-XL Control Panel • 4700 Power Meter

  26. Type JFR Regulator Ratings - 1 Catalog NumberIncludes KVA VARI-AMP Range and Current Ratings available ± 10% ± 8% ± 7% ± 6% ± 5% 10-02.5-050.0 200 220 240 270 320 10-02.5-075.0 300 330 360 405 480 10-02.5-100.0 400 440 480 540 640 10-02.5-167.0 668 668 668 668 668 10-02.5-250.0 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10-02.5-333.0 1332 1332 1332 1332 1332 11-02.5-416.3 1665 1665 1665 1665 1665 10-05.0-050.0 100 110 120 135 160 10-05.0-100.0 200 220 240 270 320 10-05.0-167.0 334 367 401 451 534 10-05.0-250.0 500 550 600 668 668 10-05.0-333.0 668 668 668 668 668 11-05.0-416.3 835 835 835 835 835 10-07.6-038.1 50 55 60 68 80 10-07.6-057.2 75 83 90 102 120 10-07.6-076.2 100 110 120 135 160 10-07.6-114.3 150 165 180 203 240 10-07.6-167.0* 219/232 241/255 263/278 296/313 351/371 10-07.6-250.0* 328/347 361/381 394/416 443/468 525/555 10-07.6-333.0* 437/463 481/509 524/556 590/625 668/668 10-07.6-416.3* 546/578 601/636 656/668 668/668 668/668

  27. Type JFR Regulator Ratings - 2 Catalog NumberIncludes KVA VARI-AMP Range and Current Ratings available ± 10% ± 8% ± 7% ± 6% ± 5% 11-07.6-509.0 668 668 668 668 668 10-13.8-069.0 50 55 60 68 80 10-13.8-138.0 100 110 120 135 160 10-13.8-207.0 150 165 180 203 240 10-13.8-276.0 200 220 240 270 320 10-14.4-072.0 50 55 60 68 80 10-14.4-144.0 100 110 120 135 160 10-14.4-288.0 200 220 240 270 320 10-14.4-333.0 231 254 277 312 370 10-14.4-432.0 300 330 360 405 480 10-14.4-576.0 400 440 480 540 640 11-14.4-720.0 500 550 600 668 668 10-14.4-833.0 578 636 668 668 668 10-19.9-100.0 50 55 60 68 80 10-19.9-200.0 100 110 120 135 160 10-19.9-333.0 167 184 201 226 268 10-19.9-400.0 200 220 240 270 320 10-19.9-667.0 335 368 402 452 536 10-19.9-833.0 418 459 502 565 668

  28. Benefits to Power Supplier Well-regulated voltage provides these benefits to the supplier: 1. Increased revenue 2. Customer satisfaction 3. Increased efficiency of distribution equipment 4. Decreased investment per KVA delivered

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