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A Review Of The Threat To Civil Aviation & The International Response

A Review Of The Threat To Civil Aviation & The International Response. Gabriel Chow. Overview. The threat The International Response Concluding remarks. 1. The Threat To Civil Aviation. Who poses a threat?. Unruly passengers Asylum seekers Criminals People with psychiatric disorders

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A Review Of The Threat To Civil Aviation & The International Response

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  1. A Review Of The ThreatTo Civil Aviation &The International Response Gabriel Chow

  2. Overview • The threat • The International Response • Concluding remarks

  3. 1. The Threat To Civil Aviation

  4. Who poses a threat? • Unruly passengers • Asylum seekers • Criminals • People with psychiatric disorders • Terrorists

  5. The terrorist threat to civil aviation Attacks against aircraft Attacks against airports Using Aircraft as weapons of mass destruction

  6. Attacks against aircraft

  7. Hijacking

  8. Bomb attacks against aircraft

  9. Suicide Bomber Richard Reid alias ‘The Shoe Bomber’ 22.12.2001 - Attempted to blow up AA Flight 63 From Paris CDG to Miami

  10. MANPAD attack 28.11.2002 – Mombasa, Kenya Surface to air missile attack Against an Israeli charter aircraft

  11. Attacks against airports (and ground operations)

  12. Mortar attack against airport facilities 9.3.1994 - IRA mortar attack on Heathrow Home-made mortars fired from a car in a parking area

  13. Armed attacks against passengers in airport concourses 5.7. 2002 – lone gunman attacked El Al passengers in check-in area at LAX Hesham Mohamed Hadayet

  14. Attacks against air crew Attack on El Al crew at hotel – London (20.8.1978)

  15. CBRN attacks • Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear agent attack Anthrax Sarin Gas Attack – Tokyo 20.3.95 Dirty Bombs

  16. Suicide Bomb Attack 7.7.2005 - 4 suicide bombers attacked London transport system

  17. Using aircraft as weapons of mass destruction

  18. Using an aircraft as a weapon

  19. Using Remote Controlled Aircraft(to deliver bombs or disperse CBRN agents)

  20. 2. The International Response

  21. Legal Framework • Convention on International Civil Aviation ( ’The Chicago Convention’) • International Conventions • International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) • Annex 17 ‘Security’

  22. Preventive Security Measures

  23. 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s Sterile Areas Passenger / Hand Baggage Screening Access control Passenger / Baggage Reconciliation Hold Baggage Screening Hardening the cockpit Suicide bombers Liquid explosives Additional Preventive Security Measures

  24. 3. Concluding Remarks

  25. Reactive  Proactive In the past aviation security - • has reacted to new threats In the future aviation security – • needs to predict new threats

  26. Improvement Strategy • Improve the security processes • More intelligent processes • Focus resources on those that present a risk • Better facilities • Improve the performance of security staff • Develop and apply ‘Human Factors’ best practices • Improve and increase the use of technology • Explosive detection equipment in passenger screening

  27. Secure the Global Supply Chain • Regulated agent regime needs to be strengthened Majority of air cargo – • travels on passenger aircraft • is not security screened

  28. Restoring the Balance -Security and Facilitation • Security requirements  • Since 9/11 • Passenger numbers  • Complexity of processes  • Airport efficiency  • Passenger experience  • Operating costs  • Airport retail revenue  Restriction on liquids (etc.) in hand baggage – Potential major impact on facilitation

  29. Thank you

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