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Getting to the Root of America

Getting to the Root of America. By: Janet. Declaration of Independence

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Getting to the Root of America

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  1. Getting to the Root of America By: Janet

  2. Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” - Thomas Jefferson

  3. US Constitution & Bill of Rights, AMENDMENT I • Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. AMENDMENT II • A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

  4. AMENDMENT IV • The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures… AMENDMENT V • No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury… nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;

  5. AMENDMENT VI • In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed…to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. • AMENDMENT X: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

  6. Continued expansion and settlement of the land: by 1821, there were 24 states. (ME, NH, VT, MA, RI, CT, NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE, VA, NC, SC, GA, KY, TN, OH, LA, IN, MI, IL, AL, MO) • The border of the new America reached the Mississippi River • In 1821, the U.S. buys Florida from Spain for $15 million

  7. THE MONROE DOCTRINE “…A PRINCIPLE IN WHICH THE RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES ARE INVOLVED, THAT THE AMERICAN CONTINENTS, BY THE FREE AND INDEPENDENT CONDITION WHICH THEY HAVE ASSUMED AND MAINTAIN, ARE HENCEFORTH NOT TO BE CONSIDERED AS SUBJECTS FOR FUTURE COLONIZATION BY ANY EUROPEAN POWER”

  8. AMERICAN HYPOCRISY: THE REALITY OF SLAVERY

  9. 12.6% of the US population is black (census 2010) • Ancestors of most of them came from West Africa (Senegal, Benin, Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire) • From 1526-1870 cca. 2,500,000 slaves shipped from Africa to British/French/Dutch recipients in America • An estimated 12% died on the way • In terms of voting rights in the Constitution, slaves were only considered to be 3/5 of a person.

  10. Between 1776 and 1804, slavery was outlawed in every state north of the Ohio River and the Mason-Dixon Line. • Many blacks fought in the Revolutionary War in return for their freedom • By 1810, 75 percent of all blacks in the North were free. By 1840, virtually all blacks in the North were free. • Voting Rights Act of 1965

  11. Gold Rush brought more west • 1848: gold discovered in California • 1859: gold discovered in Colorado • By 1860, 5,000 miners a week to CA • The Get-Rich-Quick Fever • Settling California

  12. EVEN THE CHINESE CAME! • By 1850 there are some 20,000 in San Francisco alone.

  13. Steamboats operating on large rivers since 1807 • Railroads built • First train goes form East Coast to Mississippi river in 1854 and crosses! • North & railroads competes with South and steamboats

  14. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE U.S. • TRANSPORT • TEXTILES • MACHINES • ARMS • IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

  15. IMMIGRATION & THE AMERICAN MOSAIC Major immigrant groups from 1600 – 1980: - English - German - Dutch - Scots - Chinese - Irish - Italians - Slovaks & Hungarians - Poles - Eastern European Jews - Mexico

  16. Some immigration estimates: Early years (till 1780s)about 6,000 people per year – hindered by wars in Europe 1831-1840: 599,000 entered, incl. 207,000 Irish, 152,000 Germans, 76,000 British and 46,000 French. And Italians…. 1841-1850: 1.7 millions, incl. 781,000 Irish (famine), 435,000 Germans, etc. Reasons: bad potato crops and failed revolutions in 1848 1820-2004: 5.5 million Italians came to the U.S.

  17. Suddenly, the balance was shifting: the predominance of Protestantism was challenged by large influxes of Catholics (Irish, Italian, Slovak, Polish, etc.) • In 1850, Catholics were only 5% of total U.S. population. By 1906, they made up 17% of the total population (14 million out of 82 million people)—and constituted the single largest religious denomination in the country. • “no Irish need apply”

  18. Famous Slovak-Americans • Štefan Banič – inventor of the military parachute and one of the first actually used parachute • Eugene Cernan –NASA astronaut involved in the Apollo program • Paul Newman, Andy Warhol, John Bon Jovi, Angelina Jolie, Steve Ditko comic book artist and writer, co-creator of the Marvel Comics heroes Spider-Man and Doctor Strange • Hockey players and other athletes

  19. Eugene Andrew Cernan A naval officer and astronaut, Cernan went into space three times starting in 1966. He was the last man on the moon.

  20. Brookline, Massachusetts 1975 Wanger, Landau, O’Leary, Heffernan, Concannon, Fallon, Simard, Eisenberg, Gruenbaum, Gully Ward, Pastan, Finn, Doherty, Fay, Hunt, Rhein, Livingstone…..

  21. THE CIVIL WAR: NORTH VS. SOUTH

  22. AMENDMENT XIII (passed Dec. 6, 1865) • Section 1.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Section 2.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

  23. ENTREPRENEURS & PHILANTHROPISTS:The basis of the American economy

  24. AND MORE….. • World War I • The Great Depression • World War II

  25. Terror in the U.S.A. McCarthyism

  26. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT • Slaves were emancipated in 1863, 13th amendment abolished slavery, but…. • Jim Crow lived on

  27. De jure & defactoracial segregation in public • “Separate but equal” status • Schools • Drinking fountains • Public transportation • Restaurants and bathrooms (toilets)

  28. Change began in the 1950s • 1954: Brown v. Board of Education led to desegregation of schools

  29. ROSA PARKS SHOCKED THE BUS

  30. Blacks of Montgomery, AL boycotted the buses for a whole day during Rosa Parks’ trial, and then on and on….. • Massive nonviolent action by blacks. March on Washington, August 1963. I Have a Dream Speech by Led by Martin Luther King Jr.

  31. Results were: • 1964 Congress passed Public Law 88-352 . The provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing. It enforced the 14th amendment • Voting Rights Act 1965

  32. The Voting Rights Act (VRA) bans racial discrimination in voting practices by the federal government as well as by state and local governments. • Passed in 1965 after a century of deliberate and violent denial of the vote to African-Americans in the South and Latinos in the Southwest the VRA is often held up as the most effective civil rights law ever enacted. It is widely regarded as enabling the enfranchisement of millions of minority voters.

  33. Martin Luther King was shot and killed by an assissin on April 4, 1968.

  34. FEMINISM MY FAVORITE WORD…

  35. Women’s Suffrage (voting) • Women did not gain the full, guaranteed right to vote until August 26, 1920, after ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment was adopted. • “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.”

  36. THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT

  37. Betty Friedan’s “The Feminine Mystique” 1963 1,000,000 copies sold

  38. Women began to work in large numbers during WWII • They kept working • By 1960, there were 10 mn homes where both spouses worked, mostly working class. • But with unequal status – • Lower salaries • Lower level jobs

  39. FEMINISM SOUGHT (AND SEEKS) TO: • Bring women into the mainstream • Equal rights for the sexes • Women to be treated as human beings and equals • Equal pay for equal work • Equal job opportunities

  40. 1973 ROE VS. WADE • the historic Supreme Court decision overturning a Texas interpretation of abortion law and making abortion legal in the United States. The Roe v. Wade decision held that a woman, with her doctor, could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restriction, and with restrictions in later months, based on the right to privacy.

  41. Source: BloombergBusinessweek, June, 2012

  42. Women in Europe Today • Ceram Business School in France: study shows women are more risk-averse and more focused on the long term • EU: only 30% of Europe's managers are women.This drops to just 10% for large corporations • Women paid about 15% less than men even when doing exactly the same job.

  43. Women’s Political Representation • EC data: an election with an equal number of male and female candidates would still result in a parliament with just 39% women representatives. • That is, men vote for men.

  44. Parliamentary Representation • Best: Sweden 46% women • Netherlands and Finland 41% • Most chambers have less than a quarter of their seats occupied by women, with Hungary (10.9 percent), Romania (10.1 percent) and Malta (8.7 percent) at the bottom.

  45. EU gender equality strategy includes: • Getting more women into the labor market to reach the Europe 2020 target employment rate of 75% overall for women and men; • Getting more women into top jobs in economic decision-making; • Promoting female entrepreneurship and self employment; • Raising awaerness of salary inequalities: women continue to earn an average of nearly 18% less than men across the EU • Combating violence against women

  46. Development of US Foreign Policy • Isolationism in early period (Washington & Jefferson, no foreign “entanglements”) • Continued to deal with British in war of 1812 • Monroe Doctrine 1823 • Territorial expansion within U.S. in 19th C • Spanish-American War 1898 (Cuba, Philippines, Guam, etc.) • Roosevelt Corollary (Europeans blockaded Venezuela & US sought to build Panama Canal) – turned Monroe Doctrine on its head.

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