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The Problem of Identity

The Problem of Identity. Viktor Pavlu Gerhard Zlabinger. Overview. Definitions Comparison of Views Identity and AI. Definition of Identity. from latin identidem „idem et idem“ Numerical Identity Leibnitz‘ Law (1646-1716) A = B iff A and B have same properties Qualitative Identity

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The Problem of Identity

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  1. The Problem of Identity Viktor Pavlu Gerhard Zlabinger

  2. Overview • Definitions • Comparison of Views • Identity and AI

  3. Definition of Identity • from latin identidem „idem et idem“ • Numerical Identity • Leibnitz‘ Law (1646-1716)A = B iff A and B have same properties • Qualitative Identity • Physical • Psychological (Mental)

  4. Physical Identity • Inanimate Objects • Molecular Structure • Location • Animate Entities • Continuity of Physical States • Persons?

  5. Mental Identity • wake up, another body • not impossible to imagine • still the same „you“  Mental Identity≠ Physical Identitycoined by John Locke (1632-1704) • Memory • A = B iff memories(B) incl. memories(A)

  6. Reid‘s Brave Officer (1785) • Whipped as Boy • Brave Soldier as Young Man • remembers being whipped • General when old • remembers being brave • forgot beeing whipped as boy • According to Locke: General ≠ Boy

  7. Derek Parfit‘s „Reason & Persons“ (1984) • A1 = AN iff there are N-2 states between • Mental connectedness • Whole mental state • Memory • + taste, sense of humor, mood, …

  8. Bernard Williams (1929-2003) • Thought Experiment 1 (similar to Locke) • 2 Persons: A, B  Brain State Transfer • 1 Body tortured, 1 gets $100000 • They can decide • Rational Decision • A: torture A, reward B • B: torture B, reward A

  9. Bernard Williams II • Thought Experiment 2 • A will be tortured tomorrow  fear • A will not remember being told beforehand • A‘s whole memory will be erased • B‘s memories will be transferred to A • fear still rational • = exp.1 w/o mentioning A  B transfer  contradiction

  10. Bernard Williams III • Objections • A fears mind-wipe, not torture • Consequences • If only A is transferred to body B, who is body B?

  11. Parfit‘s Descendant Selves • Outcome of BST is descendant selve • Same mental states • But only up to the point of BST • both selves are affected by environment • develop into two identities • both survive(while the single identity ceases to exist)

  12. Will machines have Identity? • Yes • If seen from functionalist POV • and mental state can be transferred • No • Mental states not transferrable

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