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Working in Groups

PART FOUR. Working in Groups. Chapter. 8. Working in Teams. Chapter Summary Characteristics of Groups and Teams Types of Groups and Teams Approaches to Working in Groups and Teams Problem-Solving Communication Effective Communication in Groups and Teams.

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Working in Groups

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  1. PART FOUR Working in Groups

  2. Chapter 8 Working in Teams • Chapter Summary • Characteristics of Groups and Teams • Types of Groups and Teams • Approaches to Working in Groups and Teams • Problem-Solving Communication • Effective Communication in Groups and Teams

  3. Characteristics of Groups and Teams Characteristics of Groups • Size • Interaction • Interdependence • Duration • Identity

  4. Characteristics of Groups and Teams What Makes a Group a Team? • Clear and Inspiring Shared Goals • Results-Driven Structure • Competent Team Members • Unified Commitment Continued...

  5. Characteristics of Groups and Teams What Makes a Group a Team? • Collaborative Climate • Standards for Excellence • External Support and Recognition • Principled Leadership

  6. Types of Groups and Teams • Face-to-Face Teams • Virtual Teams

  7. Approaches to Working in Groups and Teams Centralized Leadership • Trait Approach • Style Approach • Contingency Approaches • Leadership Emergence

  8. Approaches to Working in Groups and Teams Self-Directed Work Teams • When to Use Self-Directed Teams • Characteristics of Self-Directed Teams • Technical or Functional Expertise • Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Skills • Interpersonal Skills Continued...

  9. Approaches to Working in Groups and Teams Self-Directed Work Teams • Shared Power in Groups • Position Power • Coercive Power • Reward Power • Expert Power • Referent Power • Information Power • Connection Power Continued...

  10. Approaches to Working in Groups and Teams Self-Directed Work Teams • Functional Perspective • Functional Roles • Task Roles • Relational Roles

  11. Problem-Solving Communication Systematic Problem Solving • Define the Problem • Analyze the Problem • Establish Criteria for a Solution • Consider Possible Solutions to the Problem • Decide on a Solution • Implement the Solution • Follow Up on the Solution

  12. Problem-Solving Communication Stages in Group Problem Solving • Orientation Phase • Conflict Phase • Emergence Phase • Reinforcement Phase

  13. Problem-Solving Communication Stages in Group Problem Solving Figure 8-2: Cyclical Stages in an Ongoing Group

  14. Problem-Solving Communication Decision-Making Methods • Consensus • Majority Vote • Minority Decision • Expert Opinion • Authority Rule • Choice of a Decision-Making Method Continued...

  15. Problem-Solving Communication Decision-Making Methods • Choice of a Decision-Making Method • What Type of Decision is Being Made? • How Important is the Decision? • How Much Time is Available? • What Are the Personal Relationships Among Members?

  16. Effective Communication in Groups and Teams Recognize Both Group and Personal Goals • Sometimes an individual’s goal in a group is identical to the shared goal of the group. • Problem’s occur when an individual’s goal conflicts with the group. • See Table 8-3: Group Process Variables Associated with Productivity

  17. Effective Communication in Groups and Teams Promote Desirable Norms • Enforcing Norms of the Group or Team • Delaying Action • Hinting About the Violation • Discussing the Problem Openly • Ridiculing and Deriding the Violator • Rejecting or Isolating the Deviant Continued...

  18. Effective Communication in Groups and Teams Promote Desirable Norms • Create Desirable Norms Early • Comply with Established Norms Whenever Possible

  19. Effective Communication in Groups and Teams Promote an Optimal Level of Cohesiveness • Shared or Compatible Goals • Progress Towards Goals • Shared Norms or Values • Minimal Feelings of Threat Among Members • Interdependence Among Members • Competition from Outside the Group • Shared Group Experiences

  20. Effective Communication in Groups and Teams Avoid Excessive Conformity • Illusion That the Group is Invulnerable • Tendency to Rationalize or Discount Negative Information • Willingness to Ignore Ethical or Moral Consequences of the Group’s Decision • Stereotyped Views of Other Groups • Group Pressure to Conform • Self-Censorship • Illusion of Unanimity • “Mindguards”

  21. Effective Communication in Groups and Teams Encourage Creativity • Conduct a Warm-Up Session • Generate Possible Solutions • Eliminate Duplicate Ideas • Evaluate Ideas

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