Group-B1-Marriage-NCM108-Bioethics

1. MARRIAGE MARRIAGE Group 1 Acolentava, Odessa Ina S. Apino, Mereline Gen D. Adlao, John Angelo T. Batistiana, Angelika M. Alfonso, Marielle G. Bernido, Nick Charles R. Alisbo, Andrew R. Briboneria, Angel Gabriele T. Angeles, Jelyn Nicole G. Camid, Noraisah M. Antonio, Althea Juvelle F. Carrillo, Aliana Isabel M.

2. 01 Marriage Marriage

3. • Marriage’ can refer to a legal contract and civil status, a religious rite, and a social practice All of which vary by legal jurisdiction, religious doctrine, and culture. History shows considerable variation in marital practices: polygyny has been widely practiced ➢ some societies have approved of extra-marital sex ➢ recognized same-sex marriages ➢ religious or civil officiation has not always been the norm Marriage historically functioned primarily as an economic and political unit used to create ➢ kinship bonds ➢ control inheritance ➢ Share resources and labor. The ‘love revolution’ in marriage dates popularly to the 18th century (Coontz 2006, Part 3). • • • •

4. 02 Fundamentals Fundamentals of of Marriage Marriage

5. 1. Love/commitment • love is a decision to be committed to another person. • It is far more than a fleeting emotion as portrayed on television, the big screen, and romance novels. • Feelings come and go, but a true decision to be committed lasts forever—and that is what defines healthy marriages. 2. Sexual Faithfulness • Sexual faithfulness in marriage includes more than just our bodies. • It also includes our eyes, mind, heart, and soul. • When someone devote their minds to sexual fantasies about another person, they sacrifice sexual faithfulness to our spouse. • When they offer moments of emotional intimacies to another, they sacrifice sexual faithfulness to their spouse.

6. 3. Humility • • In marriage humility is the acceptance of things as they are. An essential building block of a healthy marriage is the ability to admit that you are not perfect, that you will make mistakes, and that you will need forgiveness. 4. Patience/Forgiveness • Patience in marriage begins with the individual. • Successful marriage partners learn to show unending patience and forgiveness to their partner. • They humbly admit their own faults and do not expect perfection from their partner.

7. 5. Time. ➢ Relationships don’t work without time investment. ➢ Any successful relationship requires intentional, quality time together. ➢ Quality time presents opportunities for growth Here are some ways to find more quality time: Schedule the time each week • Walk together in the evening, you can even take the kids • Cook dinner together • Establish a consistent date night • Stick to a bedtime routine with your kids (even have them go to bed early some nights) • Sit together outside and look at the stars • Reminisce about favorite memories together • Have lunch together during the week • Have a picnic (even if it’s in the living room) •

8. 6. Honesty and Trust. Honesty and trust become the foundation for everything in a successful marriage. ➢ Honesty and trust are necessary for a relationship to function and thrive. ➢ When you’re always honest with someone, it tells them that they can trust you and the things you say. It helps them know they can believe your promises and commitments. ➢ Trust is only built after weeks, months, and years of being who you say you are and doing what you say you’ll do. How to build more trust and honesty in a relationship: Be consistent. • Don’t commit to things you can’t do. • Prioritize communication. • Lead by example. • Avoid judging each other for the things you say. • Give it time. ➢ •

9. 7. Communication. ➢ Healthy marriage partners communicate as much as possible and effective communication allows good thoughts and feelings to flow between a couple. With the right skills, bickering, hurt feelings and resentment will go way down ➢ They certainly discuss kids’ schedules, grocery lists, and utility bills. They also communicate hopes, dreams, fears, and anxieties. ➢ They don’t just discuss the changes that are taking place in the kid’s life, they also discuss the changes that are taking place in their own hearts and souls.

10. 8. Selflessness. ➢ Being selfless helps us identify and connect with others and that in and of itself is rewarding and helps us act from our heart and soul instead of our ego, tapping into our true desired feelings. ➢ A selfish person is committed only to himself or herself, shows little patience, and never learns how to be a successful spouse ➢ Give your hopes, dreams, and life to your partner and begin to live life together. ➢ A successful and healthy marriage is more valuable than most of the temporal things we chase after with our lives. And will always last longer.

11. 03 Divorce Divorce

12. ❖ Divorce constitutes a legal or criminal action that takes place between married people who seek to dissolve a marriage relationship. It terminates marriage before the death of either party. ❖ Philippine and Vatican City do not permit divorce. ❖ Domestic violence is the root of divorce. It is a total control of a person. Abusers deploy tactics of instilling fear, shame, and guilt coupled with intimidation to wear down their targets physically and emotionally. One of the fundamental characteristic of domestic violence is that it does not discriminate various people in the society. It occurs among heterosexual partners, homosexual partners, and among people of various ages, different economic status, and even across all ethnic backgrounds. o o

13. 04 Issues on sex Issues on sex outside marriage outside marriage and homosexuality and homosexuality

14. D Definition of efinition of Terms Terms

15. • Sex Sex - the male, female, or intersex division of a species, especially as differentiated with reference to the reproductive functions • the sexual instinct or attraction drawing one organism toward another, or its manifestation in life and conduct Sex outside marriage Sex outside marriage – people who are having sex that are not married to each other. • It means that the person/s involved in sexual intercourse is married to someone and/or is not married to whom he/she is having sex with. Premarital sex Premarital sex – – act of sexual intercourse on which the people involved are not married yet. In other terms, it is what we called Fornication. Extramarital Sex/Adultery Extramarital Sex/Adultery - - voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not his or her spouse. It is about violation of relationship or violation of contract. It’s about not keeping your promise. Homosexuality Homosexuality - sexual interest in and attraction to members of one’s own sex. The term gay is frequently used as a synonym for homosexual; female homosexuality is often referred to as lesbianism. • • • •

16. Issues and Issues and Consequences On Sex Consequences On Sex Outside Marriage Outside Marriage

17. Premarital Premarital ➢ NUMBER ONE SOURCE OF STDS OR SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED NUMBER ONE SOURCE OF STDS OR SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES DISEASES ▪ Statistics prove that having multiple partners increases the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Some are curable and some aren’t. ➢ CAN CAN LEAD LEAD TO TO UNEXPECTED UNEXPECTED RESPONSIBILITY RESPONSIBILITY CONSEQUENCES ▪ Pregnancy- fulfilled can bring with it a lifetime of concern, change, or challenge for us, a future spouse, family members, and children yet to be born. ➢ EMOTIONAL EMOTIONAL EFFECTS EFFECTS ▪ The consequences of premarital sexual involvement are damaging on many levels. On an emotional level they often include a profound sense of guilt, shame and regret. CONSEQUENCES

18. ➢ MARITAL EFFECTS MARITAL EFFECTS ▪ Married couple could also be more likely to experience problems if one or both partners had been sexually active before marriage. Couples with multiple past sexual partners may find themselves comparing their marital sex life to their premarital sex life, often leading to dissatisfaction. ➢ INTELLECTUAL EFFECT INTELLECTUAL EFFECT ▪ Pre-marital sex may hurt the intellectual growth of adults in several forms. Pre-marital sexual practices headed towards misunderstanding that sex is to be cherishes at whatever ways possible

19. Extramarital Sex /Adultery Extramarital Sex /Adultery ➢ INFIDELITY INFIDELITY ▪ Infidelity is unfaithfulness in a marriage or relationship. It can severely strain a relationship and the people involved. ➢ GUILT AND SHAME GUILT AND SHAME ▪ Guilt and shame are big components of adultery – both for those who cheat and for the wounded spouse. ➢ LOSS OF INTIMACY AND TRUST LOSS OF INTIMACY AND TRUST ▪ An entangled affair is always the result of an intimacy deficit in the marital relationship.

20. ➢ LONELINESS LONELINESS ■ Infidelity is lonely and isolating. When the affair comes out, people may vanish, either because you told them to stay away, they’ve chosen a side or you didn’t want anyone around during such a tough time. ➢ DIVORCE DIVORCE ■ This is probably the most damaging thing that can happen to a marriage but some of married couple usually wants to end their relationships because of betrayal, negative and hatred and emotions. ➢ ILLNESS ILLNESS ■ On top of the dangers of being exposed to different sexually transmitted diseases when a partner cheats, illness can occur. Most people would agree that being cheated on is a miserable experience. It not only has the power to make you feel awful, but also ill.

21. ➢ Biblical Issues Biblical Issues ❖ 1 Corinthians 7:1-2: “Now for the matters you wrote about: It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman. But since sexual immorality is occurring, each man should have sexual relations with his own wife, and each woman with her own husband.” ❖ Seventh of the Ten Commandments: “Thou shalt not commit adultery.” adultery.”

22. Homosexuality

23. Homosexuality Homosexuality ➢ refers to attraction between people who are the same sex. Issues in Homosexuality Issues in Homosexuality Discrimination in Homosexuals Discrimination in Homosexuals • Homophobia and Transphobia • LGBT people face specific challenges and barriers, including violence, human right violations, stigma and discrimination. Health Issues Health Issues • Gay, bisexual, and other men who reported male-to-male sexual contact are the population most affected by HIV Mental Issues Mental Issues • LGBTQ individuals are more likely to experience a mental illness such as depression or anxiety

24. THE GLOBAL DIVIDE ON HOMOSEXUALITY PERSISTS THE GLOBAL DIVIDE ON HOMOSEXUALITY PERSISTS ➢ Public opinion on the acceptance of homosexuality in society remains sharply divided by country and region. ➢ Attitudes on the acceptance of homosexuality are shaped by the country in which people live. Those in western Europe and the Americans are generally more accepting of homosexuality. In many nations, there has been an increasing acceptance of homosexuality, including in the united states. ➢

25. ➢ Many of the countries surveyed in 2002 and 2019 have seen a double digit increase in acceptance of homosexuality. ➢ Political ideology also plays a role in acceptance of homosexuality. In many countries, those on the political right are less accepting of homosexuality. ➢ The wealth of a country has a clear connection with its attitudes on this topic. People in more prosperous and developed economies are, on average, more tolerant of homosexuality than those in less prosperous and developed economies.

26. 05 Contraception Contraception

27. The reasons for improper or nonuse of contraceptives fall into 3 basic categories - cultural, social, and educational forces; conflicting priorities; and subconscious motivation. Due to the fact that many of the reasons for improper or nonuse of contraceptives are subconscious, they are less likely to be recognized and acknowledged by the individual. • Cultural, social, and educational forces influencing improper or nonuse of contraceptives include poverty, ignorance, fear and anxiety, shame and embarrassment, and the feeling that family planning programs are a form of black genocide. • Conflicting priorities influencing the improper or nonuse of contraceptives include denial, guilt, excitement due to risk, spontaneity, loneliness, crisis/pressure, hostility, and the availability of abortion.

28. • Included under the category of subconscious motivation are uncertainty in a relationship, sense of loss or grief, coital gamesmanship, sexual identity conflicts, masochism, opportunism, nihilism, and ambivalence. The moral case for contraception is largely based on the absence of any good reason for considering birth control morally wrong. There are many positive reasons why people believe that it is right to allow people to practice birth control

29. Human rights benefits Human rights benefits ❖ It’s essential for “procreative liberty” Health benefits Health benefits ❖ It prevents the conception of unwanted children ❖ It enables women whose health would be at risk if they conceived, to continue to have sex ❖ The use of condoms helps prevent sexually transmitted diseases and HIV Benefits for women Benefits for women ❖ It promotes gender equality and the autonomy of women ❖ It enables women whose health would be at risk if they conceived, to continue to have sex

30. Family benefits Family benefits ❖ it prevents the conception of children that a family cannot support ❖ it enables people to avoid having more children than they want ❖ it improves marriage Demographic benefits Demographic benefits ❖ it enables world population to be controlled and thus protects the environment and reduces poverty

31. Family benefits Family benefits ❖ it prevents the conception of children that a family cannot support ❖ it enables people to avoid having more children than they want ❖ it improves marriage Demographic benefits Demographic benefits ❖ it enables world population to be controlled and thus protects the environment and reduces poverty

32. Nurses are ideally placed to take a prominent role in advising clients and providing them with their chosen method of contraception. during consultations unrelated to contraception and assume that practice nurses will know all the answers. The primary concern primary concern should always be the welfare of the patient concerned. ❖ Respecting the autonomy of the patient. ❖ Make sure the patient gets the information and advice they need to be able to choose wisely.

33. A nurse must adhere ethical responsibility which includes Understanding and Accepting ❑ Attitudes and Beliefs toward Adolescent Sex and Contraception Attitudes and Beliefs toward Adolescent Sex and Contraception - fear, availability, knowledge deficits, side effects, cost, transportation, embarrassment, lack of planning, and privacy issues. Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Emergency Contraception – patient’s noncompliance attitude. Barriers and Opportunities to Provision of Emergency Contraception ❑ Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Emergency Contraception ❑ Barriers and Opportunities to Provision of Emergency Contraception

34. 1. patients have equal access to care. (Patients should be treated with dignity) 2. 2. Emergency contraception knowledge and experience Emergency contraception knowledge and experience - Professionals are ethically obligated to know practice guidelines and be able to provide appropriate care. 3. 3. Refusal Refusal - Ethically, the nurses are entitled to limit care obligations due to legitimate self-interests. The conscientious objection argument. Professionals should prioritized patient's safety and the patient’s best interest. Action should be taken to avoid ethical injustices. Such actions should take the form of self-awareness on the part of health care professionals and educational efforts Social judgement Social judgement - Adhering to the principle of justice requires that

35. Use of Contraception Methods Use of Contraception Methods The principle of informed consent requires a nurse to make sure that the patient is aware of, and has genuinely understood the hazards and benefits of various methods of contraception. Patient needs to know needs to know about contraception methods: • Reliability of the method • Ease of use of the method • Potential side-effects • Health risks Personal views Personal views Where the nurse has strong ethical or religious views on birth control they have two choices: • Make the patient aware of their views and give the patient an opportunity to consult someone else. • Disregard their own views and give unbiased medical advice.

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