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Understanding Presidential Powers and Transitions: Amendments and Succession

This text explores the key amendments that shape presidential powers and transitions in the United States. It covers the 22nd Amendment, limiting presidential terms; the 20th Amendment, defining inauguration timelines; the 25th Amendment, outlining presidential disability procedures; and the impeachment process for removing a president. It also discusses the roles of the Vice President and the succession hierarchy after the president. Understanding these elements is crucial to comprehending the delicate balance of power and responsibilities in U.S. governance.

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Understanding Presidential Powers and Transitions: Amendments and Succession

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  1. Presidential Power Smooth Transitions

  2. 22nd Amendment • Ratified in 1951 • States that no one can be elected President more than twice (max 8 years). • No one who serves more than two years of another President's term can be elected more than once.

  3. 20th Amendment • Also known as “lame duck” amendment. • Passed in 1933. • States that the President and Vice-President are sworn into office at noon on Jan. 20th. • Previous President and Vice-President were not sworn in until 4 months after the election.

  4. Presidential Succession • Vice-President • Speaker of the house • President pro tempore of the Senate • Secretary of State • Secretary of Treasury • Secretary of Defense • Attorney General

  5. 25th Amendment • Established procedures fore dealing with presidential disability and filling Vice Presidency.

  6. 25th Amendment (Cont.) • Due to illness, impeachment, or death Vice President becomes “Actual” President. • Vacancy in VP, President appoints new VP who takes office after majority approval of both houses. • If President or VP and a majority of the Cabinet declare President unable to serve: VP becomes “Acting” President.

  7. 25th Amendment (Cont.) • If the President declares himself fit, he may resume duties, unless the VP and a majority of Cabinet disagree. • 2/3 vote by both houses of Congress is required for the VP to remain as “Acting” President.

  8. Presidential Removal • Treason, bribery, or serious misconduct. • Impeachment: Process of bringing formal charges against a public official. (Does not mean removal) • House passes “articles of impeachment” by a majority vote. • Senate with Chief Justice of the United States acts as court, 2/3 vote necessary.

  9. Vice President • Main formal duty: Act as president of the Senate • Tie breaker in a Senate vote. • Role is considered most important before an election. Supposed to balance out party ticket.

  10. VP Expanding role • Chairing commissions • Meeting foreign dignitaries • Representing the nation abroad. • Advising the President.

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