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Understanding Natural and Synthetic Fibers: Properties, Uses, and Care Instructions

This guide provides essential information on natural and synthetic fibers, highlighting their properties such as abrasion resistance, absorbency, flammability, luster, resilience, shape retention, and tensile strength. Explore the advantages and disadvantages of common fibers like cotton, wool, silk, and linen, alongside synthetic options like polyester and nylon. Learn about their uses in clothing and home furnishings, as well as care tips to maintain their quality. This comprehensive overview is ideal for fashion enthusiasts and textile professionals.

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Understanding Natural and Synthetic Fibers: Properties, Uses, and Care Instructions

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  1. Apparel 2 – 1.01 Natural and Synthetic Fibers

  2. Abrasion Resistance Absorbency Flammability Luster Resilience Shape retention Structure Tensile strength Properties of Fibers

  3. Abrasion Resistance • Abrasion = a worn spot that develops when fibers rub against something • “pilling” • The ability to withstand surface wear and rubbing

  4. Absorbency • The ability to take in moisture or not • Wicking – fiber draws moisture away from the body

  5. Flammability • Flame resistant: natural resistance to burning • Added products to become fire resistant

  6. Luster • Amount of shine and reflection • Gloss or sheen of a fabric

  7. Resilience • Ability of a fiber or fabric to spring back to it’s original condition, size and shape when crushed or wrinkled

  8. Shape Retention • Keeps shape after wearing and washing numerous times.

  9. Tensile Strength • Can withstand pulling and stretching

  10. Structure • Cellulosic – come from plants or plant products such as wood pulp (cotton, rayon) • Protein – animal fibers (wool, silk)

  11. Natural Fibers • Come from plants and animals • General Characteristics • Hydrophilic (Absorb Water) • Most wrinkle easily

  12. Natural Fibers • Cotton • Flax (Linen) • Bamboo • Wool • Silk • Ramie • Leather

  13. Cotton advantages • Strong, durable • Soft • Absorbs moisture • Breathes well • Washes easily • **low cost, high availability

  14. Cotton disadvantages • Mildews • Does not spring back into shape • Wrinkles easily • Burns readily • Shrinks

  15. Clothing/Fashion uses • Blouses • Dresses • Skirts • Underwear • Shirts • Jeans • Sportswear

  16. Care of Cotton • Wash in machine and dry • Iron at high temperature

  17. Flax (Linen) Advantages • STRONG • Absorbs moisture • Comfortable in warm weather • Washes easily

  18. Linen disadvantages • Mildews • WRINKLES • Burns easily

  19. Clothing/Fashion uses for Linen • Blouses • Dresses • Skirts • Suits • Home furnishings

  20. Care of Linen • Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL • Iron at HIGH temperature

  21. Ramie** • Plant fiber • One of the strongest natural fibers • Resistant to mildew and pests • Stiff and brittle • Combined with other fibers

  22. Ramie • Very absorbent • Flammable • Not lustrous (dull) • Not resilient • Very strong • Structure = cellulosic

  23. Silk • Comes from the silk worm

  24. Silk Clothing/Fashion uses • Skirts • Blouses • Dresses • Neckties • Scarves • Lingerie • Sweaters

  25. Abrasion resistant Very absorbent Somewhat flammable Lustrous Yes, resilient Yes, elastic (shape retention) Strong Structure: protein Silk Properties

  26. Silk Disadvantages • Shows water spots • Iron at low temperature • Weakened by sunlight and sweat**

  27. Clothing/Fashion uses • Knit garments • Sweaters • Gloves • Skirts • Coats • Sportswear • Socks • Suits • slacks

  28. Wool • Comes from sheep • Llamas • Alpaca • Other animal fur that is shaved off

  29. Wool Properties • WARM • Durable – abrasion resistant • ABSORBENT • Fire Retardant • Somewhat lustrous • Resilient (returns to original shape quickly)

  30. Wool Properties • Shape retention: Shrinks sometimes if washed or dried in dryer • Absorbs odors • Requires protection against insects • Structure: protein • Strong fiber

  31. Care of Wool • Dry Clean or Hand Wash and Dry flat • Iron at low temperature

  32. Synthetic Fibers • Made from cellulose (plants) and petrochemicals • Characteristics • Hydrophobic (water resistant) • Promote static cling • Heat Sensitive • Many pill • Most are wrinkle resistant

  33. Synthetic Fibers • Acetate • Acrylic • Nylon • Polyester • Rayon • Spandex (Lycra) • Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex) • Olefin • Triacetate • Modacrylic

  34. Acetate uses • Dressy clothing

  35. Acetate Properties • Not abrasion resistant • Absorbent • Flammable • Lustrous • Resilient

  36. Acetate Properties • Shape retention – yes, is elastic • Not very strong (rips when wet) • Cellulosic structure (wood pulp)

  37. Acrylic uses • Sweaters • Faux Fur • Shoe soles • carpet

  38. Acrylic Properties • Absorbent • Not flammable – will melt • Not lustrous • Resilient • Elastic (shape retention)

  39. Acrylic Properties • Strong • Structure: polymer

  40. Aramid uses • Kevlar • Bullet Proof Vests • Cut/Heat and Chemical resistant Gloves • Nomex • Fireman Uniforms • Racing Apparel

  41. Aramid (Kevlar & Nomex) advantages • Resistant to abrasion • Not absorbent • Exceptional heat** and flame resistance (not flammable)

  42. Aramid properties • Not lustrous • Yes, resilient • Elastic – shape retention • Exceptional strength** • Polymer structure

  43. Glass • AKA fiberglass • Uses: insulation, boats, sporting equipment • Low abrasion resistance • Yes - absorbent

  44. Glass properties • Flammable • Lustrous • Resilient • Elastic shape retention • Strong • Polymer structure

  45. Modacrylic • Uses: clothing and pillows • Abrasion resistant • Absorbent • Not flammable (melts) • Shiny • Yes, resilient

  46. Modacrylic • Retains shape • Very strong • Polymer structure

  47. Nylon uses • Clothing • Backpacks • Purses • Tents

  48. Nylon Properties • Very Strong • Resilient • Lustrous • Dries quickly

  49. Nylon Properties • Abrasion resistant • Not absorbent • Fire then melts • Not very shiny • Elastic resiliency

  50. Nylon properties • Very strong • Polymer structure

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