Legacy of WWII 17 million soldiers + 20 million civilians = 37 million deaths

1. Legacy of WWII • 17 million soldiers + 20 million civilians = 37 million deaths • Almost four times the deaths of WWI • First and last nuclear weapon used in a war • First use of planes for bombing in a war

2. C. The global balance of economic and political power shifted after the end of World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological struggles between capitalism and communism throughout the globe.

3. USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • West saw RUS as wanting to spread com worldwide and vice versa • Both are right • Iron Curtain speech at  Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri

4. Why would someone want to be communist? • A little food for everyone is better than starvation • Westerners see “a little food for everyone” as a step down • Ideologies separate this argument too • “Haves” think that everyone can succeed if they try • “Have nots” think that success is impossible w/o government help

5. The Cold War • war of words • Both sides had nukes, but did not want to use them because they would both end up dead (MAD Mutually Assured Destruction) • US creates an alliance called NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to defend against the communists • USSR makes it’s own group called the Warsaw Pact

6. Space Race • USSR puts the first satellite in space (Sputnik) • USSR puts the first living thing in space (Laika) • USSR puts the first person in space (Yuri Gagarin) • US puts the first man on the moon (Neil Armstrong) • Both sides say they won the “Space Race”

7. The Korean War (1950-1953) • The Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) • Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) • The Vietnam War (1955-1975)

8. E. The dissolution of the Soviet Union effectively ended the Cold War. • The Cold War Ends (1989-1991) • Reagan and Gorbachev

9. V. Although conflict dominated much of the twentieth century, many individuals and groups — including states — opposed this trend. Some individuals and groups, however, intensified the conflicts.

10. A. Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century, and some promoted the practice of nonviolence as a way to bring about political change. • Picasso’s Guernica • Painting showing a city in Spain (Guernica) that was bombed by Italy and Germany pre WWII • Shows horror of war

12. Cold War antinuclear movement • Against nuclear weapons • MAD • Against nuclear power • Three Mile Island (Pennsylvania) • Chernobyl (USSR)

13. B. Groups and individuals opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political, and social orders. • Communists like Lenin and Mao (GLF & CR) • Nelson Mandela (end apartheid) • Tiananmen Square (pro-democracy rally)

15. Tiananmen Square/Tank Man • Fall of USSR, Berlin Wall influence Chinese • Protests in 1989 for democracy in China • Nonviolent and not-so-nonviolent

16. D. More movements used violence against civilians to achieve political aims. • IRA (Irish Republican Army) • Volunteer army that fought against British rule in 1920 • “Irish War of Independence” • Forced a treaty that freed most of Ireland except six counties in the north • Became Northern Ireland (still part of United Kingdom)

17. Al-Qaeda • Orthodox Islamic group • Grew out of Taliban • Anti-governmental group in Afghanistan that took over after USSR lost power • US helped them “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” • Thought Islam was on attack by the West • West is immoral and corrupt • Behind 9/11, Madrid train bombings, others

18. E. Global conflicts had a profound influence on popular culture. • Dada • Anti-war art movement during WWI • Focused on nonsense and irreverence • War was so serious, anti-war must be goofy

19. Dada Works

20. Socialist Realism • Art movement out of USSR in early 1900s • “…the officially approved type of art in the Soviet Union” • Showed hard workers making the country better

21. Socialist Realism Works

22. Video games • Call of Duty • Battlefield • Simulate world conflicts

23. Key Concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture

24. I. States responded in a variety of ways to the economic challenges of the twentieth century.

25. A. In the Communist states of the Soviet Union and China, governments controlled their national economies. • The Five Year Plans (1920s) • Called for expedient agriculture production by taking over private farms and making them state-owned (this is collectivization) • Plans also included building nationalized factories • More like totalitarianism than communism • Industrialized country and improved overall economic conditions, but the people suffered

26. The Great Leap Forward (1950s) • Created by Mao Zedong = communes to farm and create a true Marxist state. • Locally, the people couldn't produce the quotas needed, and nearly 30 million Chinese starved • Mao moved his focus to the military

27. B. At the beginning of the century in the United States and parts of Europe, governments played a minimal role in their national economies. With the onset of the Great Depression, governments began to take a more active role in economic life. • The New Deal • A series of economic programs in the US in response to the Great Depression made laws by FDR • Focused on Relief, Recovery, and Reform. • Created the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Social Security Act, new programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers, the Housing Authority, Farm Security Administration, and the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set maximum hours and minimum wages.

28. C. In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development • Nasser’s promotion of economic development in Egypt • Gamal Nasser, Egyptian General, overthrew king and established a republic. • Nationalized industry, including Suez Canal, and became involved in Middle Eastern conflict.

29. The encouragement of export-oriented economies in East Asia • Four Asian Tigers: term used to describe highly developed economies of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. Maintained high growth rates and rapid industrialization. • Japan’s economic recovery after WWII occurred because of intervention by the Japanese government, which created cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and banks.

30. D. At the end of the twentieth century, many governments encouraged free market economic policies and promoted economic liberalization • Britain under Margaret Thatcher (1980s) • Introduced political and economic initiatives to reverse Britain's national decline. Emphasized deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labor markets, the privatization of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. • China under Deng Xiaoping • Key in China's economic reconstruction following the Great Leap Forward. • Deng developed Socialism with Chinese characteristics and led Chinese economic reform through "socialist market economy.” He opened China to foreign investment, the global market and limited private competition.

31. II. States, communities, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of institutions of global governance

32. A. New international organizations formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperation • League of Nations • United Nations

33. B. New economic institutions sought to spread the principles and practices associated with free market economics throughout the world • World Trade Organization

34. C. Humanitarian organizations developed to respond to humanitarian crises throughout the world. • Doctors Without Borders • World Health Organization

35. D. Regional trade agreements created regional trading blocs designed to promote the movement of capital and goods across national borders • European Union • NAFTA • ASEAN

36. E. Multinational corporations began to challenge state authority and autonomy • Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation • By 2000 owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries with a net worth of over $5 billion.

37. F. Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integration • Green Peace • Earth Day

38. III. People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; some challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender, and religion, often using new technologies to spread reconfigured traditions.

39. A. The notion of human rightsgained traction throughout the world • United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Woman’s Rights • End of the White Australia Policy

40. IV. Popular and consumer culture became global.

41. A. Sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations • World Cup Soccer • Olympics