Save Two lives

1. Save Two lives By the BAFNE (Bears are Friends Not Enemies) foundation

2. Habitat • Natural habitats consist of forests as well as shrub land • Habitat is today often confined to mountainous regions since the rest of the land is too marked by human activity • once ranged over vast areas of Asia, Europe, Africa and North America but the Grizzly bear habitat has today been greatly reduced • human developments and activities like livestock grazing, mining, and hunting caused their demise from 98 percent of their historic range in the continental United States and reduced grizzly populations

3. Grizzly Bear Diet • Omnivores!! • Berries: blueberries, blackberries, salmon berries, osoberries, thimble berries, dogwood berries, gooseberries, currants, snow berries, strawberries. • Insects: grasshoppers, ants, moths, insect larvae wood-boring beetle grubs--> Get insects from tearing out logs. • Grasses (mariposa lilies, wild onions, brodiaeas) acorns, pine nuts. • Salmon and occasionally steelhead. • follow caribou migrations to kill • go after baby elk (adult elk are too fast) • they are scavengers • will eat rodents • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlCgAsxMOl4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=op7mi-EjLH8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gzhr2gqsEWY

4. BearBehavior • Body language can help reveal a bears mood. • When stand on their hind legs or approaching something is to get a better view • These actions are not necessarily signs of aggression • They show agitation by swaying their heads, huffing, popping their jaws, blowing and snorting, or clacking their teeth. • Lowered head and laid-back ears also indicate aggression. • usually forages for food in the early morning and evening and rests during the day • communicate their dominance by intimidating their opponent. Bears do not fight unless it’s absolutely necessary. It’s all about posture.

5. Behavior • Scent Marking: method of communicating • behavior broadcasts to other bears in the vicinity the status and sex of each animal, and during the mating season, the breeding condition of females • To tell others of major food source and where it’s available • They rub up against trees, straddle smaller shrubs and saplings, and arch their backs to mark overhanging branches, in order to leave scent • Tree Marking: Bears mark trees in order to let other bears know they have passed through this particular area. • They stand on their two back legs and rub their back and shoulder area on trees in order to deploy scent and hair

6. Posturing • Standing: standing on hind legs is not to express aggression it is to gain more information visually and through smell • Stationary Orientation: may stand broadside to assert itself in some instances. In encounters with humans, it has usually been interpreted as a demonstration of size. • Stationary Facing You: standing and facing you, it is certainly not being submissive. This is an aggressive position and may signal a charge. It is likely waiting for you to withdraw. • Please withdraw

7. Vocalizations • Huffs: tense, it may forcible exhale a series of several sharp, rasping huffs. A way for mother bear to gain the attention of her young • Woofing: A startled bear may emit a single sharp exhale called a woof which lacks the harsh quality of a huff. If a bear cub woofs, a mother will become alert to the situation. • Popping Sounds Females with young often emit a throaty popping sound, apparently to beckon their cubs when danger is sensed. A mother vocalizing in this manner should be considered nervous and extremely stressed • Growling A clear indication of intolerance and possible aggression is coming when growls, snarls, and roars

8. Vocalizations • Yawn: Indicates tension. This behavior may result from the close proximity of another bear or human • Salivation: A clear sign of tension, excessive salivation may appear as white foam around the bear's mouth. Only severely distressed bears exhibit this characteristic.

9. Conflicts with humans • Grizzlies are considered more aggressive than other bears when defending themselves and their offspring. • Adult grizzlies are too large to escape danger by climbing trees, so they respond to danger by standing their ground and warding off their attackers. • Female grizzlies are more aggressive • Mothers defending their cubs are the most prone to attacking, being responsible for 70% of fatal injuries to humans. • Bears have to compete with other large predators for food, which increases aggression.

10. Conflicts with humans • Campers are warned to hang food, garbage, and toiletries out of reach of bears, or to use a secure bear cache. • Grizzly bears normally avoid contact with people • In spite of their obvious physical advantages and many opportunities, they almost never view humans as prey; bears rarely actively hunt humans. • Most grizzly bear attacks result from a bear that has been surprised at very close range, especially if it has a supply of food to protect, or female grizzlies protecting their offspring. • Intensive human use of grizzly habitat causes unwanted bear attacks.

11. Conflicts with humans • Increased human–bear interaction has created "problem bears" (bears that have become adapted to human activities or habitat). • Aversive conditioning: a method involving using deterrents such as rubber bullets, foul-tasting chemicals or acoustic devices to teach bears to associate humans with negative experiences, is ineffectual when bears have already learned to positively associate humans with food. • Problem bears are relocated or killed because they pose a threat to humans. • For back-country campers, try to avoid tempting the bears with food so, hanging food between trees at a height unreachable to bears is recommended or use a bear canister. • Try to travel in groups of six or more to reduce the chance of bear-related injuries while hiking in bear country.

12. Defensive Confrontations Defensive confrontations are usually the result of a sudden encounter with a bear protecting its space or food cache, and with female bears with young. Defensive confrontations seldom lead to contact. In defensive confrontations, the bear is threatening you because it feels threatened. If you are ever in this situation its because you didn’t listen to warnings so to save your life you have to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Plj1moJ7Ei8 • remain calm and do not run. • Speak in a low monotone voice so the bear can identify you as human. • A bear may charge in an attempt to intimidate you – usually stopping well short of contact.

13. Defensive Confrontations • If a bear begins to charge, use Bear Spray • If Bear Spray does not deter a Defensive Confrontation, drop to the ground and play dead to allow the spray to take effect. Protect your back by keeping your pack on. Lie on your stomach, clasp your hands behind your neck, and use your elbows and toes to avoid being rolled over. If the bear does roll you over, keep rolling until you land back on your stomach. • Remain still and quiet. A defensive bear will stop attacking once it feels the threat has been removed. • Do not move until you are absolutely sure the bear has left the area. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twgg-fFsZ58

14. Protection • The grizzly bear is listed as threatened in the contiguous United States and endangered in parts of Canada. • Within the United States, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service concentrates its effort to restore grizzly bears in six recovery areas : Northern Continental Divide (Montana), Yellowstone (Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho), Cabinet-Yaak (Montana and Idaho), Selway-Bitterroot (Montana and Idaho), Selkirk (Idaho and Washington), and North Cascades (Washington). • The grizzly population in these areas is estimated at 750 in the Northern Continental Divide, 550 in Yellowstone, 40 in the Yaak portion of the Cabinet-Yaak, and 15 in the Cabinet portion (in northwestern Montana), 105 in Selkirk region of Idaho, 10–20 in the North Cascades, and none currently in Selway-Bitterroots, although there have been sightings. • All national parks, such as Banff National Park, Yellowstone and Grand Teton, and Theodore Roosevelt National Park have laws and regulations in place to protect the bears.

15. Save Two lives. Please don’t end up like this, stay away from bears. They are an endangered species and by avoiding them you save their lives. Thank you.