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Genetics

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  1. Genetics Chapter 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, and 11.2

  2. WARM UP 12-1-16 • Complete Mitosis vs. Meiosis worksheet • 2 extra points on final exam for anyone who can correctly complete it before the bell rings! • This will go on page 45 of your notebook

  3. 1866 Gregor Mendel • “Father of Genetics” • Austrian Monk that studied pea plants • Pure breeds • Self Fertilization • Statistician who wanted to be a teacher • Discovered how traits were inherited in a population

  4. How Genetics Began • The passing of traits to the next generation - inheritance or heredity. • Mendel performed cross-pollination in pea plants. • Mendel followed various traits in the pea plants he bred.

  5. 7 Traits Mendel Studied

  6. Mendel studied seven different traits. • Seed or pea color • Flower color • Seed pod color • Seed shape or texture • Seed pod shape • Stem length • Flower position

  7. Mendel’s Crosses • P Generation: • F1 Generation: • F2 Generation:

  8. Generations • P Generation • Parents • Pure – • F1 Generation • Hybrid – 2 different types of genes for a trait • F2 Generation • 3:1–Yellow : Green

  9. Definitions • Genetics: • Study of hereditary • Gene: • Strand of DNA that codes for a protein (Trait) • Allele: • A version of a gene

  10. Phenotype vs. Genotype • Phenotype: • Physical characteristics (What the individual looks like) • Ex) Red Petals • Genotype: • Alleles Received (genes you have) • Ex) RR

  11. Homozygous and Heterozygous • Homozygous: • Having two of the same alleles for a particular trait • Ex. • Heterozygous: • Having two different alleles for a particular trait • Ex.

  12. Dominant Vs. Recessive • Dominant hides the recessive trait in the heterozygousgenotype.

  13. Think – Pair - Share • If Fred Flintstone is heterozygous for black hair. • (B=Black, b=blonde) • What is Fred’s genotype? • What is Fred’s phenotype? • Tweety bird is yy. (Y= yellow feathers, y=brown feathers) • 1. What is his genotype? • 2. What is his phenotype? • 3. Is he heterozygous or homozygous? Explain.

  14. W w Sperm Mendels 3 Laws • 1. Law of Segregation • Each allele a person has separates into different gametes • Ex. Ww – one W goes in one sperm and the other w goes into another sperm w W

  15. Mendels 3 Laws • 2. Law of Independent Assortment • Gene pairs (homologous) will separate randomly into gametes

  16. Mendels 3 Laws • 3. Law of Dominance • Traits exist in two possible forms (dominant and recessive) • The dominant forms hides the recessive trait in the heterozygous condition

  17. R r R r Monohybrid Cross • R= Can roll your tongue • r= Can’t roll your tongue • Genotype Ratio: • Phenotype Ratio:

  18. Genotypic vs. Phenotypic Ratios • Phenotype Ratio: • Ratio of different physical traits • Ex) Brown eyes ¼ or 25% • Genotype Ratio: • Ratio of the different possible alleles • Ex) Tt = ¼ or 25%

  19. Sample Problems • Daffy Duck is heterozygous for black feathers. Daisy Duck is homozygous for yellow feathers. Set up a punnett square and determine probabilities of their potential offspring. (Both genotype and phenotype ratios!) • B = Black b = yellow

  20. Do Now • Sponge Bob Square pants is heterozygous for brown eyes. Sandy is also heterozygous for brown eyes. Create a punnett square to determine the possible outcomes of their children.

  21. Do Now • Sleeping Beauty has freckles. Her prince charming is heterozygous for no freckles. What are the chances of her children having freckles? Please show your work.

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