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This comprehensive guide explores the concept of third-party interveners, including facilitators, mediators, and arbitrators. It examines the different types of third-party roles, the decision-making process, and the distinctions between informal and formal interventions. Key objectives of third parties such as improving relationships, maximizing joint gains, and promoting fair outcomes are discussed. Additionally, the guide highlights the role of managers in mediation and arbitration, emphasizing the importance of context setting, information management, and consensus building during negotiations.
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Third-Party Interveners What? Why? How?
Types of Third-Party Roles Facilitator Mediator Arbitrator Combinations Manager
Decisions about using a Third Party • Informal versus formal • Process versus outcome control • Invited versus imposed • Interpersonal versus intergroup
Third party’s objectives • Help parties find a zone of agreement, if it exists • Obtain and use information • Maximize joint gains • Promote a process and outcome parties perceive as fair • Improve relationships (so parties resolve future problems on their own) • Maintain impartiality
Managers as mediators vs arbitrators • Set the context • Define/present the problem • Extract/furnish information • Facilitate discussion: • Solve a mutual problem • Brain storm • Set criteria • Seek consensus • If consensus, confirm in writing • If no consensus, summarize any agreements, assign decision to manager, explain the decision • Get closure • Use deadlines • Create implementation plan
The goal of A Negotiation… …is not to reach an agreement. It’s to reach a good agreement.