Crossing The Line:

1. Crossing The Line: Distributed Computing Across Network and Filesystem Boundaries

2. Native-Language-Based Distributed Computing Blending Java and Native Languages to achieve cross-platform, cross- network, cross-filesystem distributed computing.

3. Here Spawn This Linux NT Cluster SGI Solaris Cluster Data Servers Data Repository The Objective Update Database, Post-process data

4. Implications • Collaborative programming environment • Provisional access to computational resources beyond local networks. • Data mining (send processes to the data). • Optimal process mapping. • Nomadic virtual environment.

5. Demands on the System: • Protocol for porting of static forms of the executable program collectives across to the remote host, resolve its dependencies, check against security violations, and instantiate as a process. • Whom to trust? • API for message-passing library calls.

6. Initial Approach: Use Java • Java provides a means to load processes obtained from remote resources using the java.lang.ClassLoader class. • The Java SecurityManager provides a general security framework. • Java bytecode representation provides uniformity in a heterogeneous environment (and more! …later).

7. Initial Implementation: • Java-based communication substrate with Java programming bindings to message-passing functions. • Commands such as add, delete, spawn, kill, and similar PVM-style commands to configure the environment. • Additional commands to merge, split and register virtual environments.

8. Initial Implementation: • Provided the requisite mechanisms to “soft-install” processes upon remote resources without accessing the filesystem. • Allowed for distributed parallelization and synchronization of processes within the environment.

9. Functionality... • The Java-based implementation proved to be well suited for “computationally-lite” distributed computing tasks across network boundaries. • Although speedups were observable for parallelization of tasks over clusters, performance for traditional distributed computing tasks left a lot to be desired.

10. Pros/Cons of using Java • Pros: • Java offers tremendous potential to the user in terms of portability and heterogeneous execution • Bytecode Representation, RMI, Object Serialization • Cons: • As an interpreted language, Java suffers a significant performance penalty. • As with any new language, the thought of rewriting existing codes brings reluctance, lack of enthusiasm.

11. Pros/Cons of using Java

12. Java is a highly-portable language Java adheres to the “Write once, run anywhere” philosophy Java has a well-established collection of scientific library bindings Java’s executional speed is suitable for HPC C/Fortran/C++ are highly-portable languages C/Fortran/C++ adhere to the “Write once, run anywhere” philosophy C/Fortran/C++ have well-established scientific library bindings C/Fortran/C++ executional speeds are suitable for HPC So, What Language to Use?

13. C/Fortran/C++ have well-established scientific library bindings C/Fortran/C++ executional speeds are suitable for HPC So, What Language to Use? Java is a highly-portable language Java adheres to the “Write once, run anywhere” philosophy Utilize Java for its portability and standardization, but focus on using Java as a wrapper for porting of native code in the form of shared libraries

14. Use Java for the initial introduction of the program collective to the remote host. The wrapper class may be analyzed for class dependencies, shared library usage, security violations, etc. Use C/Fortran codes as the computational engine of the process. Compiled into shared libraries (.so’s or .DLL’s), they can be encapsulated within the program collective and loaded onto the remote resource. Solution: Blend Java with C/Fortran

15. Here Spawn This Linux NT Cluster SGI Solaris Cluster Native Library, FORTRAN BLAS perhaps The (New) Objective:

16. Request to create Java-based process, “A_process” Local search for A_process fails Request for class A_process Bytecode for A_process.class ...011AF01222EBABEFAC 22EBABEF A C Class file is run through the “BYTE GRINDER.” How does it work?

17. List of Method Calls List of Dependency Classes Native Libraries List The “BYTE GRINDER” ...22EBABEF A • List of method calls aids in imposing security on processes obtained remotely, run locally. • Libraries in the native library list can be obtained from the requesting user or from a trusted third party. • Classes in the dependency class list are analyzed similarly.

18. How does it do that? • Following the Java Virtual Machine specification, the incoming bytecode is “analyzed.” • Magic Number (CAFEBABE) • Major Version • Minor Version • Constant Pool Count • Construction of the constant pool. (Watch out for those double and long entries!)

19. How does it do that? • Read super-class entry from the constant pool • Read list of Interfaces from constant pool references • Read list of fields from the constant pool. • Method opcode listings. • Java Opcode of each method is analyzed for invocation of calls such as “System.load.” Argument yields the native library dependency. • Socket calls, File manipulations, etc.

20. Other Things That Make it Work: • Processes are (sub-subclassed) extensions of the java.lang.Thread class, which allows for its execution to be started, stopped, suspended, prioritized, serialized or likewise governed by the remote host. • JNI: Automatic header file generation and a protocol for interfacing with C/C++ codes (which are then used to interface to Fortran).

21. Work in progress: • Implement new features in the recent release of the JDK 1.2 relating to native method calls. • Optimize message passing mechanism in the substrate. • Implement full security mechanisms. • Generate cross network IceT demo Apps.

22. Summary • IceT extends the scope of distributed computing environments by • locating and migrating static processes across filesystems and by • dynamically merging and splitting virtual environments. • IceT provides a provisional mechanism for supporting program collectives running concurrently, across multiple networks, and existing in multiple fazes.