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Brew Day Presentation Calculating Hop Bitterness

Brew Day Presentation Calculating Hop Bitterness. Measuring Hop Bitterness. Homebrew Bittering Units (HBUs) HBUs= Hop Wt. in (ounces)*Alpha Acid Percent For example, if you use 2.5 ounces of Cascade Hops with an alpha acid of 6.5% then the HBUs= 2.5*6.5 = 16.25 homebrew units.

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Brew Day Presentation Calculating Hop Bitterness

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  1. Brew Day PresentationCalculating Hop Bitterness

  2. Measuring Hop Bitterness • Homebrew Bittering Units (HBUs)HBUs= Hop Wt. in (ounces)*Alpha Acid PercentFor example, if you use 2.5 ounces of Cascade Hops with an alpha acid of 6.5% then the HBUs= 2.5*6.5 = 16.25 homebrew units

  3. Measuring Hop Bitterness • International Bittering Units (IBUs)IBUs = Milligrams of iso-alpha acids in each liter of beerProfessionally, IBUs are measured with a spectrophotometer

  4. Hop Utilization • The efficiency of the alpha acid bittering process is called the hop utilization. Basically, the hop utilization is the amount of iso-alpha acids in the finished beer relative to the alpha acids added during the brewing processAlpha Acid Utilization = IBUs Alpha Acids Added in mg per liter orIBUs = Alpha Acid Utilization*Alpha Acids Added(mg/l)

  5. Hop Utilization Factors • amount of hops added to the brew kettle • The length of the boil • Gravity of the wort during boiling • Hop rate i.e. alpha acids per liter of wort • Type of hop, i.e. whole or pellets • Filtering or using a hop bag • Boil Temperature (altitude where you brew)

  6. Estimating IBUs • Four methods to estimate IBUs • Jackie RagerCalulating Hop Bitterness in Beer, Zymurgy Special 1990 (vol. 13, no. 4) • Mark GaretzUsing Hops, The Complete Guide to Hops for the Craft Brewer, Hop Tech 1994 • Ray DanielsDesigning Great Beers, Brewers Publications 1996 • Glen Tinsethwww.realbeer.com/hops

  7. Estimating IBUsRager Formula • The Rager Formula for estimating IBUs: IBU = %U * Woz * %A * 7462 Vgal * (1 + GA) Where GA = (GB – 1.050)/.2

  8. Rager Formula Variables GB = Gravity of boiling wort at end of boil GA = Gravity adjustment Woz = Hop weight in ounces Vgal = Volume of beer fermented in gallons %U = Boil utilization percent %A = Hop alpha acid percent

  9. Example 1 • Estimate the IBUs if you boil 1.5 ounces of Willamette hops for 45 minutes. The hops have an alpha acid of 6.5% and they are whole hops. Also, the hops are boiled in 3 gallons of wort and you plan to add 2 gallons of water after the boil to make 5 gallons of beer with an OG of 1.040. Use the following formulas:(a) Rager(b) Daniels(c) Garetz(d) Tinseth

  10. Example 1 (a) – Solution • Determine the gravity of the boiling wort GB = (OG-1)*(Ferment Vol)/(Boil Vol) + 1 = (1.040 -1)*5/3 +1 = 1.066666667 • Determine gravity adjustment GA = (GB – 1.050)/.2 = (1.066666667 – 1.050)/.2 = .083333333

  11. Example 1(a) – Solution con’t • Determine the IBUs IBUs = .269 * 1.5 * .065 * 7462 5 * (1 + .08333333) = 36.13

  12. Estimating IBUsDaniels Formula • The formula from Ray Daniels to estimate IBUs is similar to Rager except for the conversion factor and the %U values: IBU = %U * Woz* %A * 7489 Vgal * (1 + GA) Where GA = (GB – 1.050)/.2

  13. Example 1 (b) – Solution • Determine the gravity of the boiling wort GB = (OG-1)*(Ferment Vol)/(Boil Vol) + 1 = (1.040 -1)*5/3 +1 = 1.066666667 • Determine gravity adjustment GA = (GB – 1.050)/.2 = (1.066666667 – 1.050)/.2 = .083333333

  14. Example 1 (b) – Solution con’t • Determine the IBUs IBUs = .22 * 1.5 * .065 * 7489 5 * (1 + .083333333) = 29.66

  15. Estimating IBUsGaretz Formula • Mark Garetz’s formula for estimating IBUs is also similar to Rager, except Garetz adds a temperature factor and a hopping rate factor and the %U values are different.The Garetz Formula for estimating IBUs:IBU = %U * Woz* %A * 7490 Vgal * (1 + GA) * TF * HF

  16. Estimating IBUsGaretz Formula Where GA = (GB – 1.050)/.2 TF = ((Elevation in feet/550)*0.02) + 1CF = (Ferment Vol)/(Boil Vol)HF = (CF*IBU/260) + 1

  17. Estimating IBUsTinseth Formula • Glenn Tinseth’s formula for calculating IBUs uses a Bigness factor and a Boil time factor to determine the overall utilization. Here is the formula:IBU = %U * Woz * %A * 7490 Vgal

  18. Estimating IBUsTinseth Formula Where %U represents total utilization and is defined as: %U= Bigness factor * Boil time factor Bigness factor = 1.65*.000125^(average wort boil gravity-1) Boil Time factor = 1 – e^(-.04*time in mins) 4.15

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