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Filesystem Hierarchy

Filesystem Hierarchy. Dr. Michael L. Collard www.sdml.info/collard www.sdml.info/collard/linux collard@cs.kent.edu. Many Types of Files. Application programs System programs Libraries System configuration files Include files User data files Program configuration files

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Filesystem Hierarchy

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  1. Filesystem Hierarchy Dr. Michael L. Collard www.sdml.info/collard www.sdml.info/collard/linux collard@cs.kent.edu

  2. Many Types of Files • Application programs • System programs • Libraries • System configuration files • Include files • User data files • Program configuration files • Devices (i.e., /dev) • Runtime information (i.e., /proc) • Distribution-installed files and locally-installed files

  3. Filesystem Hierarchy • Standard directories (and filenames), and where they are located • Historical precedents from Unix systems • Each distribution could choose differently • Consistency among various Unixes: important • Consistency among various Linux distributions: more important

  4. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard • Defines main directories and contents of them for Linux • Based on common practice in Unix • Latest version 2.3 (Jan 29, 2004) • Created by Free Standards Group • members include: HP, Red Hat, IBM, and Dell • Merged with OSDL in 2007: Linux Foundation • Where Linus works

  5. FHS • Although a standard, not all Linux distributions follow it completely (even some members) • Because now part of a Linux initiative, some Unix-like systems have major differences • E.g., Mac OS X, directories /Home, /Library, and /Applications • However, still a good starting point towards understanding

  6. FHS Rationale • Issues for installed files and directories • Software to predict • Users to predict • General guidelines • shareable vs. unsharable, i.e., one more than one host or on one host • static vs. variable, i.e., do the contents change • Reasons for this organization?

  7. Important Directories • / • /boot • /home • /root • /bin • /lib • /etc • /tmp • /dev • /usr, /usr/bin, /usr/include, /usr/local, /usr/share • /var, /var/log • /opt

  8. Changes to Historical Practice • Historically, /usr and /etc had both static and variable files • /var was created to store variable files • Moved most of the variable files in /usr to /var • Still working on moving variable files in /etc to /var

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