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Understanding Electrical Circuit Calculations: Series and Parallel Circuits Explained

This resource provides a comprehensive overview of electrical circuit calculations, grounded in Ohm's Law (V=IR). It explores series circuits, where current remains constant and voltage varies with resistance, and parallel circuits, where voltage remains constant while current splits among paths. Detailed calculations are included for both circuit types, demonstrating practical examples with light bulbs of varying resistances. Learn to compute total voltage, current, and resistance effectively. Perfect for students and educators in electrical engineering or physics.

elizabeth-cochran
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Understanding Electrical Circuit Calculations: Series and Parallel Circuits Explained

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  1. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS S.MORRIS 2006 More free powerpoints at www.worldofteaching.com

  2. Basic Formula • Almost all calculations in circuits use Ohm’s Law • V=IR • Each circuit type has additional formulas dependent on what happens to voltage and current in the circuit

  3. SERIES CIRCUITS A series circuit has only one path This means that the current is the same throughout the circuit It = I1 = I2 = I3 Because current is the same, voltage at each load depends on the resistance of the load. V1 = It * R1 Vt = V1 + V2 + V3 and Rt = R1 + R2 + R3

  4. V3 V2 Do the Math!! Light bulb 1 has .5 ohms of resistance Light bulb 2 has .9 ohms of resistance Light bulb 3 has .6 ohms of resistance Find V1, V2, V3, Vt, It, and Rt ? A1 ? 4A V1 A2 It = I1 = I2 = 4A Rt = .5 ohms + .9 ohms + .6 ohms Rt = 2 ohms V1 = 4 amps * .5 ohms = 2 volts V2 = 4 amps * .9 ohms = 3.6 volt V3 = 4 amps * .6 ohms = 2.4 volts Vt = 2 V + 3.6 V + 2.4 V = 8 V

  5. PARALLEL CIRCUITS A parallel circuit has multiple paths Current gets split, and voltage stays the same throughout Vt = V1 = V2 = V3 Because voltage is the same, current at each load depends on the resistance of the load. I1 = Vt / R1 It = I1 + I2 + I3

  6. PARALLEL CIRCUITS Because a parallel circuit has multiple paths, the resistance does not add up, instead it is split (but not the same as current) The formula for total resistance is: 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

  7. 6V It V2 I2 V1 I1 Do the Math!! Light bulb 1 has 1 ohms of resistance Light bulb 2 has 4 ohms of resistance Find V1, V2, I1, I2, It, and Rt Vt = V1 = V2 = 6 V I1 = 6 volts / 1 ohms = 6 amps I2 = 6 volts / 4 ohms = 1.5 amps It = 6 amps + 1.5 amps = 7.5 amps 1/Rt = 1/1 ohms + 1/4 ohms 1/Rt = 1 ohm + .25 ohms 1/Rt = 1.25 ohms 1/1.25 = Rt .8 ohms = Rt

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