Osteoporosis

1. Osteoporosis

2. What is Osteoporosis? • Osteoporosis means porous bones • The bones become weak and brittle • Mild stresses can cause fracture e.g. bending over, coughing

3. The (bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced • Osteoporosis is more common among women than men

4. Signs and Symptoms • In early stages of bone loss , there is no pain or symptoms • Once the bones have been weakened then the signs and symptoms include :

5. Back pain • Loss of height over time, because of stooped posture

6. Fracture of the bones like vertebrae, wrists , hips or other bones

7. Causes • The strength of the bone depends on their size and density • Bone density depends in part on the amount of calcium , phosphorus, and other minerals

8. When the bones contain fewer minerals than normal they are less strong • Bone is continuously changing-new bone is made and old bone is broken down - a process called remodeling, or bone turnover

9. Full cycle of bone remodeling takes about two to three months • When you are young, body makes new bones faster , then it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases

10. Bone remodeling slows down as we get older, especially at menopause • At menopause , the estrogen level drops and the bone loss increases dramatically

11. The factors that keep bone healthy • Regular exercise • Adequate amounts of calcium • Adequate amount of vitamin D, which is essential for absorbing calcium

12. Risk factors • Your sex – fractures from osteoporosis are about as twice as common in women then in men Women start with lower bone mass Sudden drop in estrogen at menopause

13. Age – The older you get, the higher risk of osteoporosis Your bones become weaker as you grow old • Race – Occurs in all ethnic groups Asian or European

14. Family history-heredity • Frame size – exceptionally thin or small body frames They have less bone mass to draw from as they age

15. Tobacco use - Smoking also results in increased breakdown of estrogen , lower body weight and earlier menopause, all of which contribute to lower bone mineral density

16. Alcoholism

17. Lifetime exposure to estrogen – greater the exposer lower the risk. For example early menstruation and late menopause If abnormal periods or ovaries surgically removed before age 45 with receiving hormone therapy , the risk is more

18. Eating disorders

19. Corticosteroids medications The medicines given for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis is damaging to bone The doctor should monitor bone density and give drugs to prevent bone loss

20. Thyroid Hormone - If the thyroid is overactive or under active Abnormal functioning • Some diuretics – some drugs cause kidney to excrete more calcium. Result in thinning of bone

21. Low calcium intake

22. Sedentary lifestyle • Excess soda consumption - many of which contain phosphoric acid. suggest soft drinks may displace calcium • Depression

23. When to seek Medical Advice? • Early detection is important

24. Prevention • Getting adequate calcium • Getting adequate vitamin D • Exercise • Add soy to your diet • Don’t smoke • Consider Hormone therapy • Limit caffeine

25. Thank you • Prepared by: Dr. Anita Tamrakar Reference: www.learningpoint.yolasite.com